3. MORPHOLOGY
3.2.2. Demonstrative Pronouns
Direct/Nominative Case
(^) Sg Pl
prox yah yeh yao ye
rem vah vah vao ve
Oblique Case kao ko/maOM mẽ/pr par/ka ka:/ko ke/kI ki:/ Asao se
(^) Sg Pl
prox [sa is [na in
rem ]sa us ]na un
Note that the demonstrative pronouns are also used as personal
pronouns of the third person.
There are two additional pronouns which are used in the sense of ‘so
and so’ to refer to third person subjects: Amauk amuk and f,laaM falã:/
f,laanaa fala:na:.
3.2.3. Relative Pronouns
Hindi has one relative pronoun: jaao jo ‘who, which, that, what’ in
both the singular and plural. It is accompanied with vah vah in the
main sentence called correlative of jaao jo. The correlative form saao so
‘he, they’ is now obsolete, it is used in proverbs and sayings. The
term laaoga log may be added to jaao jo to indicate or emphasize plurality:
jaao laaoga jo log. The oblique forms of the relative pronoun used along
with the case-signs are as follows.
Singular Plural
ijasa jis/ijasanao jisne ijana jin/ijaMhaoMnao jinhõne
ijasakao jisko/ijasao jise ijanakao jinko/ijaMhoM jinhẽ
ijasasao jis se ijanasao jin se
3.2.4. Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns substitute and refer to a noun or pronoun which
is the logical subject of the sentence. Hindi has three reflexive
pronouns: Aap a:p, its oblique forms Apnaa apna: and Apnao apne, and a
compound form of these two, Apnao Aap apne-a:p. The oblique form