3. MORPHOLOGY
Aapsa a:pas means ‘each other’ or ‘one another.’ The reflexive
pronoun Aap a:p is also substituted by the Sanskrit borrowed term svayaM
svayam or Persian-borrowed term K,ud khud in Sanskritized and
Persianized styles respectively. The reflexive pronoun Aap a:p
optionally followed by the emphatic form hI hi: has an adjectival
meaning. It can also be used as an adverb in the meaning ‘of one’s
own accord, spontaneously.’ Similarly, Apnao Aap apne-a:p can either
be used in an emphatic sense or in the adverbial meaning of ‘of
one’s own accord.’
- vah Aap hIÀApnao Aap Gar gayaa.
vah a:p hi: / apne-a:p ghar gaya:
he himself emp home went
He himself went home.
Note that the oblique forms of Apnao apne and Apnao Aap apne-a:p
(except when adverbial) mean ‘oneself’ with the case-
signs/postpositions kaooo ko, sao se, maoM mẽ, and pr par.
3.2.5. Interrogative Pronouns
In both singular and plural, there are two basic interrogative
pronouns: kaOna køn ‘who’(referring to person) and @yaa kya:
‘what’(referring to things). The interrogative pronoun @yaa kya: is a
neutral form. It is also used for denoting the interrogative nature of
the sentence. Note that kaOna køn and @yaa kya: can be used as relative
pronouns too.
- kaOna Aayaa ̧ kao[- nahIM jaanata.
køn a:ya:, koyi: nahĩ: ja:nta:
who came no one neg knows
Nobody knows who came.
The interrogative pronoun @yaa kya: is also used as an exclamatory
adjective.
- @yaa sauMdr baaga hO!
kya: sundar ba:g h ́!
what beautiful garden is
What a beautiful garden!