3. MORPHOLOGY
change to [na in, ]na un, ijana jin, itna tin, ikna kin, and ikMhIM kinhĩ:. (iii)
Before nao ne, the plural oblique forms are: [nhUM inhũ:, ]nhaoM unhũ:, ijanhaMo
jinhũ:, iknhaMo kinhũ:, and iknhIM kinhĩ:. (iv) maOM m ́~ and tU tu: remain
unchanged before nao ne: (maOMnao m ́~ne, tUnao tu:ne). v) Followed by other
case-signs, maOM m ́~ and tU tu: change to mauJa mujh and tUJa tujh (mauJakao
mujhko, tuJakao tujhko). (vi) The pronouns hma ham and tuma tum remain
unchanged before all case-signs: hmakao hamko, tumhoM tumhẽ. (vii) The
postposition ka ka: is not attached to maOM m ́~, tU tu:, and tuma tum. They
change to the following forms agreeing with the object noun in
gender and number.
Masculine Feminine
Sg Pl Sg/Pl
maora mera: maoro maorI meri:
tora tera: toro tere torI teri:
tumhara tumha:ra: tumharo tumha:re tumharI tumha:ri:
(viii) As an alternative to kao ko, all oblique forms attach an e e in
singular and hoM hẽ in plural: [sao ise/[sakao isko, ]sao use/]nakao unko, [nhoM inhẽ
/[nakao inko, ]nhoM unhẽ/]nakao unko, tumhoM tumhẽ/tuJao tujhe, hmaoM hamẽ/hmakao
hamko. In the case of ham, eoM ẽ is added, not hoM hẽ. Note that eoM ẽ or hoM
hẽ is not attached to the indefinite pronouns kao[- koi: and kuC kuch.
As pointed out earlier, the reflexive pronoun ]Aap a:p changes to
]Apnao apne before the case signs kao ko, ]sao se, maoM mẽ, and pr par. nao ne is
not added to the reflexive Aap a:p but only to the subject to which Aap
a:p refers. For denoting various senses of ka ka:, Aap a:p changes to
Apnaa apna:, Apnao apne, and ApnaI apni:.
3.2.8. Compound Pronouns
Two, or more than two pronouns may be compounded or the same
pronoun may be repeated to convey various shades of meanings.
The following are some important compound pronouns.
Apnao Aap apne a:p by oneself
Aap hI Aap a:p hi: a:p by oneself, to oneself
jaao kao[- jo koi: who(so)ever
jaao kuC jo kuch what(so)ever
jaao jaao jo jo whoever/whatever