Biology of Disease

7.10 Reproductive Hormones The male and female reproductive systems (Figure 7.34 (A)and(B)) produce and secrete a number of sex ...

is covered by a cap called an acrosome, which contains enzymes required to penetrate the ovum or egg. The production of ova, fem ...

X]VeiZg,/ DISORDERS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM &.% W^dad\nd[Y^hZVhZ Figure 7.35 (A) Schematic of a testis. (B) Overview of s ...

division again ceases. The second meiotic division of the secondary oocyte is completed at fertilization. In males and females, ...

The plasma concentration of estradiol is low before puberty but increases rapidly and fluctuates during the menstrual cycle, a s ...

(Figures 7.36 and 7.40), leading to the regression of the other follicles in an apoptotic process to form atretic follicles. It ...

Disorders of Sex Hormones Disorders associated with male sex hormones include hypogonadism and gynecomastia. In the former, ther ...

patients with PCOS suffer from acne, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and may be infertile. A diagnosis of PCOS is made on clin ...

2 to 5 cm^3 and contains 40 to 500 million sperm. A sperm count of less than 20 million per cm^3 is believed to be subnormal and ...

CASE STUDIES CZhhVg6]bZY!BVjgZZc9Vlhdc!8]g^hHb^i]:YLddY &., CASE STUDY 7.1 Sarah, a 46-year-old woman, was referred ...

X]VeiZg,/ DISORDERS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM &.- W^dad\nd[Y^hZVhZ CASE STUDY 7.4 An 18-year-old girl, Jaclyn, was admitted ...

The diagnosis of endocrine disorders usually involves measurement of the hormone in question and replacement for deficiencies. D ...

Sajida, a 27-year-old, found over a 2-month period that she was expressing breast milk. She was not pregnant and, indeed, had n ...

Dattani, M and Preece, M (2004) Growth hormone deficiency and related disorders: insights into causation, diagnosis and treatmen ...

...

'%( X]VeiZg-/ DISORDERS OF WATER, ELECTROLYTES AND URATE BALANCES Receptor Regulatory center Response Physiological value Chang ...

X]VeiZg-/ DISORDERS OF WATER, ELECTROLYTES AND URATE BALANCES '%) W^dad\nd[Y^hZVhZ Figure 8.2 (A) Schematic showing the struc ...

KIDNEYS CZhhVg6]bZY!BVjgZZc9Vlhdc!8]g^hHb^i]:YLddY '%* contains the Bowman’s capsules and their glomeruli. The medulla ...

X]VeiZg-/ DISORDERS OF WATER, ELECTROLYTES AND URATE BALANCES '%+ W^dad\nd[Y^hZVhZ aldosterone (Chapter 7). Between 6 and 12% ...

KIDNEYS CZhhVg6]bZY!BVjgZZc9Vlhdc!8]g^hHb^i]:YLddY '%, passed per day. Indeed, patients are sometimes anuric and do not ...