Biology of Disease

O H ...N ... Endopeptidase activity CH R C O CH R N CH C R C O H H N B) Figure 11.14The sites of digestion (hydrolysis) of prote ...

11.4 Absorption of the Products of Digestion The large surface area of the small intestine allows the rapid absorption of the pr ...

with respect to the outside. The membrane potential of the apical membrane of the enterocyte can be harnessed to facilitate the ...

can also be absorbed by a paracellular route where they pass between entero- cytes, rather than being absorbed across the lumina ...

BOX 11.3 Hartnup’s disease Hartnup’s disease, also known as Hartnup disorder, Hartnup aminoaciduria or Hartnup syndrome, was fir ...

ABSORPTION OF THE PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION CZhhVg6]bZY!BVjgZZc9Vlhdc!8]g^hHb^i]:YLddY '.( been described in some patients. ...

called Dcytb bound to the brush border of enterocytes reduces ferric iron to the ferrous form. Ferrous iron is then transported ...

are bound by transport proteins, such as transferrin for iron (Figure 13.4) and ceruloplasmin for copper. Table 11.4 summarizes ...

11.7 Hormonal Control of GIT Secretions The GIT produces a large number of hormones many of whose functions are not well underst ...

pancreatic juice, the hydrogen carbonate of which helps neutralize the acid in chyme. Glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypept ...

cholesterol esterase. Fluorescein, but not fluorescein dilaurate, is absorbed by the small intestine and transported to the live ...

jugated and commonly occurs in newborn babies. If the concentration of serum bilirubin approaches 200 μmol dm–3, then photothera ...

Acute hepatitis is caused by infection and subsequent inflammation of the liver, where liver cells are destroyed and the liver b ...

transmission prior to the testing of blood products for HCV. Infections with hepatitis B and C viruses are associated with liver ...

often progresses to cirrhosis, leading to death within five years as a result of liver failure. Cirrhosis (Chapter 12) is a cond ...

in many cases but it can be caused by irritating foods, beverages, ingested poisons, aspirin and staphylococcal exotoxin (Chapte ...

and in African Americans. The prevalence of pernicious anemia resulting from autoimmune gastritis is estimated to be 127 in 100 ...

cells and the increase in hydrogen carbonate production by mucus secreting epithelial cells have cytoprotective effects. Zolling ...

Data on the incidence of hiatus hernia are few but the condition increases with age and is particularly common in overweight mid ...

formed but only when other tests are inconclusive since it is more invasive. The patient is required to fast overnight, then dri ...