Biology of Disease

disorders called muscular dystrophies (MDs). Defects in these proteins compromise the mechanical strength of the muscle fibers l ...

is a compensation for loss of muscle strength. However, the enlarged muscle tissue is eventually replaced by fat and connective ...

care. However, associated stress means that a support group where members pool common experiences and problems can be of use. Ge ...

General treatments include daily ingestion of folate when hemolysis is significant, and blood transfusions. The symptoms of HE a ...

characterized by alterations in the permeability of epithelial cell membranes to CL–, is a very common inherited disorder, with ...

(a) Which of the bloods has the greater osmotic fragility? (b) Which of the two specimens was from the patient? Gallstones are ...

X]VeiZg&+/ MEMBRANE, ORGANELLE AND CYTOSKELETAL DISORDERS ),) W^dad\nd[Y^hZVhZ Hancock, MR (2002) Mitochondrial dysfuncti ...

),* X]VeiZg&,/ CANCER 17.1 Introduction In multicellular organisms, the growth of cells by division is under tight control ...

invade nearby tissues and may enter the blood and lymph systems and spread to remoter areas. Today, the term cancer is used popu ...

clearly, some cancers occur only in men or women. Obvious examples of the latter are cancer of the cervix uteri or ‘cervical can ...

17.4 Molecular Biology of Cancer In 1914, Boveri (1862–1915) suggested that a malignant tumor arose from a cell that had acquire ...

family of oncogenes. The mutation of a proto-oncogene to form an oncogene usually results in the production of a protein that ha ...

found on the short arm of chromosome 17 and encodes a phosphoprotein, called tumor suppressor protein p53 (Figure 17.5) which ha ...

Chromosomes and Cancer Chromosomal abnormalities are found in some cancers. For example, about 95% of patients with chronic myel ...

but none to the same extent as that found in CML, where the presence of the Ph chromosome is diagnostic for the disease. Some ot ...

The targets for chemical carcinogens are the proto-oncogenes and the tumor suppressor genes described in Section 17.4. Mutations ...

X]VeiZg&,/ CANCER )-) W^dad\nd[Y^hZVhZ Diet and Cancer It has been estimated by bodies such as the World Cancer Research ...

CAUSES OF CANCER CZhhVg6]bZY!BVjgZZc9Vlhdc!8]g^hHb^i]:YLddY )-* with anticancer properties. Increased consumption of su ...

Viruses and Cancer Viruses were first implicated in the development of some types of cancer when it was shown by Rous (1879–1970 ...

viral oncogenes and the proteins they encode inactivate certain regulators of cell division, such as the tumor suppressor protei ...