Biology of Disease

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

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cavity. Bleeding episodes can be managed by injections of purified

Factor VIII, the antihemophilia factor.

CHAPTER 14

1. d


2. b


3. b


4. Blood pressure sphygmomanometer
   Bundle of His Purkinje fibers
   Coronary arteries myocardium infarction
   Pericardial diseases aspirin, ibuprofen
   Palpitations ventricular tachycardia
   Right ventricle tricuspid valve
   SA node pacemaker
   Thrombolysis tenecteplase
   Vasodilation lowered blood pressure
   Xanthoma familial hypercholesterolemia


5. The changes in the normal production of adrenaline lead to
   arrhythmias.


6. It is likely that Barry has had a myocardial infarction. However,
   his chest pain has only lasted for 30 min so he will not show any
   abnormal enzyme or protein levels, therefore there is no need to
   investigate serum enzyme levels at this stage.


7. Lowering the amount of carbohydrate in the diet may decrease
   triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels, because the triacylglycerols in
   the VLDL particles are synthesized by the liver mainly from dietary
   carbohydrate. The VLDL particle secreted into the blood will, of
   course, carry cholesterol.


8. LDL receptors recognize ApoB-100, whereas chylomicrons contain
   ApoB-48, apoC and apoE that are not recognized by LDL receptors.

CHAPTER 15

1. b


2. e


3. 25%


4. The children have equal chances of receiving the stable or mutant
   gene. Fifty percent of female children will be affected. Most of the
   males who receive the mutation will have the full mutation. However,
   there have been cases which the number of repeats was reduced.


5. In autosomal dominant syndromes an affected father would pass it on
   to an average of 50% of his sons and daughters. X-linked dominant
   syndromes do not show male-to-male transmission but all the
   daughters of an affected father would show the syndrome. If many
   families were studied, the ratios of affected males to females for an
   autosomal dominant would be 1:1, but 1:2 for X-linked dominant
   syndromes since males have only half the chance of inheriting a
   defective X chromosome.


6. (A) Turner (X0), (B) XYY and (C) Klinefelter (XXY) syndromes.