Educational Psychology

(Chris Devlin) #1

  • Preface...............................................................................................................................................................



    1. The changing teaching profession and you.............................................................................



    • The joys of teaching..........................................................................................................................................

    • Are there also challenges to teaching?............................................................................................................

    • Teaching is different from in the past............................................................................................................

    • How educational psychology can help............................................................................................................





    1. The learning process .............................................................................................................



    • Teachers’ perspectives on learning................................................................................................................

    • Major theories and models of learning..........................................................................................................





    1. Student development.............................................................................................................



    • Why development matters.............................................................................................................................

    • Physical development during the school years..............................................................................................

    • Cognitive development: the theory of Jean Piaget........................................................................................

    • Social development: relationships,personal motives, and morality .............................................................

    • Moral development: forming a sense of rights and responsibilities.............................................................

    • Understanding “the typical student” versus understanding students...........................................................





    1. Student diversity....................................................................................................................



    • Individual styles of learning and thinking.....................................................................................................

    • Multiple intelligences.....................................................................................................................................

    • Gifted and talented students..........................................................................................................................

    • Gender differences in the classroom..............................................................................................................

    • Differences in cultural expectations and styles..............................................................................................

    • Accommodating diversity in practice............................................................................................................





    1. Students with special educational needs..............................................................................



    • Three people on the margins..........................................................................................................................

    • Growing support for people with disabilities: legislation and its effects......................................................

    • Responsibilities of teachers for students with disabilities.............................................................................

    • Categories of disabilities—and their ambiguities...........................................................................................

    • Learning disabilities........................................................................................................................................

    • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.........................................................................................................

    • Intellectual disabilities...................................................................................................................................

    • Behavioral disorders.......................................................................................................................................

    • Physical disabilities and sensory impairments.............................................................................................

    • The value of including students with special needs.....................................................................................





    1. Student motivation..............................................................................................................



    • Motives as behavior.......................................................................................................................................

    • Motives as goals.............................................................................................................................................

    • Motives as interests.......................................................................................................................................

    • Motives related to attributions......................................................................................................................

    • Motivation as self-efficacy............................................................................................................................

    • Motivation as self-determination.................................................................................................................

    • Expectancy x value: effects on students’ motivation....................................................................................

    • TARGET: a model for integrating ideas about motivation...........................................................................





    1. Classroom management and the learning environment....................................................




    • Why classroom management matters..........................................................................................................



    • Preventing management problems by focusing students on learning......................................................... This book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License

    • Responding to student misbehavior.............................................................................................................

    • Keeping management issues in perspective.................................................................................................





    1. The nature of classroom communication............................................................................



    • Communication in classrooms vs communication elsewhere.....................................................................

    • Effective verbal communication...................................................................................................................

    • Effective nonverbal communication.............................................................................................................

    • Structures of participation: effects on communication................................................................................

    • Communication styles in the classroom.......................................................................................................

    • Using classroom talk to stimulate students’ thinking..................................................................................

    • The bottom line: messages sent, messages reconstructed...........................................................................





    1. Facilitating complex thinking..............................................................................................



    • Forms of thinking associated with classroom learning................................................................................

    • Critical thinking............................................................................................................................................

    • Creative thinking ..........................................................................................................................................

    • Problem-solving............................................................................................................................................

    • Broad instructional strategies that stimulate complex thinking..................................................................

    • Teacher-directed instruction........................................................................................................................

    • Student-centered models of learning..........................................................................................................

    • Inquiry learning............................................................................................................................................

    • Cooperative learning....................................................................................................................................

    • Examples of cooperative and collaborative learning...................................................................................

    • Instructional strategies: an abundance of choices.......................................................................................





    1. Planning instruction..........................................................................................................



    • Selecting general learning goals...................................................................................................................

    • Formulating learning objectives...................................................................................................................

    • Students as a source of instructional goals..................................................................................................

    • Enhancing student learning through a variety of resources........................................................................

    • Creating bridges among curriculum goals and students’ prior experiences...............................................

    • Planning for instruction as well as for learning...........................................................................................





    1. Teacher-made assessment strategies................................................................................



    • Basic concepts...............................................................................................................................................

    • Assessment for learning: an overview of the process...................................................................................

    • Selecting appropriate assessment techniques I: high quality assessments................................................

    • Reliability

    • Absence of bias

    • Selecting appropriate assessment techniques II: types of teacher-made assessments..............................

    • Selected response items................................................................................................................................

    • Constructed response items

    • Portfolios.......................................................................................................................................................

    • Assessment that enhances motivation and student confidence..................................................................

    • Teachers’ purposes and beliefs

    • Choosing assessments

    • Providing feedback

    • Self and peer assessment

    • Adjusting instruction based on assessment.................................................................................................

    • Communication with parents and guardians...............................................................................................

    • Action research: studying yourself and your students.................................................................................

    • Grading and reporting





    1. Standardized and other formal assessments.....................................................................



    • Basic concepts...............................................................................................................................................

    • High-stakes testing by states........................................................................................................................

    • International testing.....................................................................................................................................

    • International comparisons

    • Understanding test results...........................................................................................................................

    • Issues with standardized tests .....................................................................................................................



  • Appendix A: Preparing for licensure......................................................................................

  • Appendix B: Deciding for yourself about the research...........................................................

  • Appendix C: The reflective practitioner..................................................................................

    • Types of resources for professional development and learning..................................................................

    • Reading and understanding professional articles .......................................................................................

    • Action research: hearing from teachers about improving practice.............................................................

    • The challenges of action research.................................................................................................................


    • Benefiting from all kinds of research...........................................................................................................





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