[ 46 ]Index7, 16, 128; marriage settlement
collection, 42, 128; patriarchal
control over, 8; power of, 12, 13–14,
124, 148–50, 221n2; remarriage
rules, 10; right to control property,
42, 124, 132–33, 141–48; support for
as justification for levirate, 31–32.
See also Yevama
Widow-inheritance, 3, 4, 15–16, 31, 34
Wives: and family of origin, xvi, 6, 48,
75–76, 200; Hindu duty to protect
husband, 17; and husband’s
family, 6, 7, 9, 48, 144, 161, 196;
husband’s power to annul vows
of, 148–50, 224n70; as husband’s
property, 229n65; as married
to husband beyond death, 144;
strateg y of continuity through
adding, 184. See also Husband and
wife; Polyg yny
Woman-marriage, 20
Women: consent to marriage right
of, 13, 135, 136; as defined by
relationships with men, 27, 188;
inheritance rights of, 6–7, 81–82; as
legal “fathers” of children, 20; loss
of property rights, 11; Mishnah
on rights of, 140; as property, 7,
15–16, 126, 140, 229n65; sterile,
129, 169–70, 216–17n62; voice
in levirate situation, 27, 28, 135,
136–38, 139–40. See also Betrothal;
Daughter; Widow; Wives
Yavam. See Levir
Yer u sha l m i. See Talmud, Palestinian
Yevama: advantages of levirate for,
8, 10, 11, 26, 35, 37, 38, 198; vs.
almana, 41–42, 128–29; ambiguous
relationship to family, 132, 161–64;
biblical perspective, xix, 207–8n7,
215n30; co-widows situation, 41,
62–64, 150; criteria for designation,
128–29; and deceased husband,
133, 146; defining, 124; vs. divorcée,
142–43; family of origin’s claim on
property of, 132–33, 143, 146–47;
halitza role of, xvii–xviii, 27, 117,
136–37, 140, 151–52, 225n86; and
kinship terminology, 55; and levir,
124, 128, 133, 137–38, 143–44, 146–
47, 148–50, 151, 173; motivations
regarding levirate, xix, 115, 125,
138, 163–65, 209n29; power
position of, xix, 5, 11, 133–34, 148–
50, 151–53, 199–200; pregnancy
consequences for, 40; as primary
beneficiary of levirate, 99; as
property, 7, 15–16, 126, 140, 229n65;
property rights of, 132, 141–48;
rabbinic attempt to protect, 127,
137–38, 154–61, 164, 199–200,
222n13; rabbinic perspective, 166,
199; vows of, 149–50. See also Social
status, yevama’s
Yevamot: on brothers’ levirate
obligation, 104, 106–9, 174–75;
and brothers married to sisters
issue, 57, 68; clarifying status
of yevama, 127; and co-wives
situation, 63, 83; on halitza, 117–19,
127, 151–52; and incest/levirate
complexities, 60–62, 84–88;
and motivations for levirate,
112, 115–16; overview, 39–43; on
paternity, 177, 181; and patrilineal
descent, 71–72; on polygyny, 66,
187; on power dynamic between
levir and yevama, 133–34, 151; on
procreation, 190; property rights
of yevama, 132, 141–48; on sexual
intercourse prior to levirate union,
196; and tension among women
in extended family, 163–64;
testimony rules, 55; on waiting
period for levirate, 177
Yohanan, Rabbi, 154, 155, 157, 190, 192
Yohanan ben Beroqa, Rabbi, 50
Yose ben Hanina, Rabbi, 76, 141, 142,
143, 144, 153–54
Zera, Rabbi, 142, 143
Ziqqa, 128, 146, 147, 150
Zoroastrianism, 67, 187–88
Zulu of Africa, 20