PPENDIX 1: ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE THREATS IN THE UNITED STATES, 2013................................
Table of Contents
Foreward
Executive Summary
Section 1: The Threat of Antibiotic Resistance
Introduction
National Summary Data
Cycle of Resistance Infographics
Minimum Estimates of Morbidity and Mortality from Antibiotic-resistant Infections
Limitations of Estimating the Burden of Disease Associated with Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Assessment of Domestic Antibiotic-Resistant Threats
Running Out of Drugs to Treat Serious Gram-Negative Infections
People at Especially High Risk
Antibiotic Safety
Gaps in Knowledge of Antibiotic Resistance
Developing Resistance: Timeline of Key Antibiotic Resistance Events
Section 2: Fighting Back Against Antibiotic Resistance
Four Core Actions to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance
Preventing Infections, Preventing the Spread of Resistance
CDC’s Work to Prevent Infections and Antibiotic Resistance in Healthcare Settings
CDC’s Work to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance in the Community
CDC’s Work to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance in Food
Tracking Resistance Patterns
Antibiotic Stewardship: Improving Prescribing, Improving Use
Developing New Antibiotics and Diagnostic Tests
Section 3: Current Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, by Microorganism
Microorganisms with a Threat Level of Urgent
Clostridium difficile.51
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Microorganisms with a Threat Level of Serious
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter
Drug-resistant Campylobacter
Fluconazole-resistant Candida (a fungus)
Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLs)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Drug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella
Drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi
Drug-resistant Shigella
Methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
Drug-resistant tuberculosis
Microorganisms with a Threat Level of Concerning
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)
Erythromycin-resistant Group A Streptococcus
Clindamycin-resistant Group B Streptococcus
Technical Appendix
Glossary
Acknowledgements