- The recent rapid spread of the mosquito before Zika virus has been noted by the
CDC as sometimes associated with the presence of the Guillian-Barre ́syndrome
(New York Times, 1/22/16). - “I n the United States, an estimated 2.1 to 2.4 million cases of human
campylobacteriosis (illnesses ranging from loose stools to dysentery) occur each
year.” - SKIP. More relevant ancient history, 1998-1999
Amabile-Cuevas, D. F. (2015) Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in the environment.
Routledge Publishers.
American Academy of Microbiology. (2009). Antibiotic resistance: an ecological
perspective on an old problem.
http://academy.asm.org/images/stories/documents/antibioticresistance.pdf. (FOLLOW
UP)
- “Humans are forced to coexist with the fact of antibiotic resistance. Public health
officials, clinicians, and scientists must find effective ways to cope with
antibiotic resistant bacteria harmful to humans and animals and to control the
development of new types of resistance.” - “Exposure to antibiotics and other antimicrobial products, whether in the human
body, in animals, or the environment, applies selective pressure that encourages
resistance to emerge favoring both ‘naturally resistant’ strains and strains which
have ‘acquired resistance’.” - “Rapid diagnostic methods and surveillance are some of the most valuable tools
in preventing the spread of resistance...A rigorous surveillance network to track
the evolution and spread of resistance is also needed.”
Aminov, R. I. (2009). The role of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature.
Environmental Microbiology. 11(12). pg. 2970-88.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01972.x/epdf
- “A broader overview of the role of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature
from the evolutionary and ecological prospective suggests that antibiotics have
evolved as another way of intra- and inter-domain communication in various
ecosystems.” - “The emergence and rapid dissemination of antibiotic-resistant pathogens,
especially multi-drug-resistant bacteria, during recent decades, exposed our lack
of knowledge about the evolutionary and ecological processes taking place in
microbial ecosystems.”