Capita, R., Riesco-Pelaez, F., Alonso-Hernando, A. and Alonso-Calleja, C. (2013).
Exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of food-grade biocides influences the ability to
form biofilm, the resistance to antimicrobials and the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli
ATCC 12806. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 80(4). pg. 1268-80.
http://www.asm.org/images/Communications/tips/2014/0114biocide.pdf
TO BE MODIFIED
- “Escherichia coli ATCC 12806 was exposed to increasing sub-inhibitory
concentrations of three biocides widely used in food industry facilities: trisodium
phosphate (TSP), sodium nitrite (SNI) and sodium hypochlorite (SHY). The
cultures exhibited an acquired tolerance to biocides (especially to SNI and SHY)
af ter exposure to such compounds. E. coli produced biofilm (confocal laser
scanning microscopy) on microtitre polystyrene plates. Previous adaptation to
SNI or SHY enhanced the formation of biofilm (with an increase in biovolume
and surface coverage) both in the absence and in the presence (MIC/2) of such
compounds. TSP reduced the ability of E. coli to produce biofilm. The
concentration of suspended cells in the culture broth in contact with the
polystyrene surfaces did not influence the biofilm’s structure. The increase in
cell surface hydrophobicity (microbial adhesion to solvents test) after contact
with SNI or SHY appears to be associated with a strong capacity to form biofilm.
Cultures exposed to biocides displayed a stable reduced susceptibility to a range
of antibiotics (mainly aminoglycosides, cephalosporins and quinolones), as
compared with cultures not exposed. SNI caused the greatest 38 increase in
resistances antibiotics; 48.3% of total), as compared with TSP (1; 3.4%) or SHY
39 (3; 10.3%). Adaptation to SHY involves changes in the cell morphology
(scanning electron microscopy) and ultrastructure (transmission electron
microscopy) which allow this bacterium to persist in the presence of severe SHY
ch allenges. The findings of the present study suggest that the use of biocides at
sub-inhibitory concentrations could represent a public health risk.”
Carlet, J., Jarlier, V., Harbath, S., et al. (2012). Ready for a world without antibiotics?
The Pensieres antibiotic resistance call to action. Antimicrobial Resistance and
Infection Control. 1(11). pg. 1-13.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3436635/
- “Resistance to antibiotics has increased dramatically over the past few years and
has now reached a level that places future patients in real danger.” - “To meet this challenge, 70 internationally recognized experts met for a two-day
meeting in June 2011 in Annecy (France) and endorsed a global call to action