(“The Pensieres Antibiotic Resistance Call to Action”). Bundles of measures that
must be implemented simultaneously and worldwide are presented in this
document. In particular, antibiotics, which represent a treasure for humanity,
must be protected and considered as a special class of drugs.”Caruffo, M. and Navarette, P. (2015). Antibiotics in aquaculture: Impacts and
alternatives. The APUA Newsletter. 3(2). pg. 4-7, 13.
http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua/news/newsletter_71_523284685.pdf
- “Table 1: Alternatives to antibiotics in aquaculture; major advantages and
limitations” cites the following “Antibiotic alternative: Antimicrobial peptides,
Phage therapy, Short-cahin fatty acids, Bacteriocins, Probiotics, Prebiotics, [and]
Essential oils (EOs).”
Casewell, M., et al. (2003). The European ban on growth-promoting antibiotics and
emerging consequences for human and animal health. Journal of Antimicrobial
Chemotherapy. 52. pg. 159-61. http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/52/2/159.full
- “A directly attributable effect of these infections is the increase in usage of
therapeutic antibiotics in food animals, including that of tetracycline,
aminoglycosides, trimethoprim/sulphonamide, macrolides and lincosamides, all
of which are of direct importance in human medicine. The theoretical and
political benefit of the widespread ban of growth promoters needs to be more
carefully weighed against the increasingly apparent adverse consequences.”
Centers for Disease Control. (2004). National antimicrobial resistance monitoring
system for enteric bacteria (NARMS): 2002 human isolates final report. U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, Atlanta, GA.
http://www.cdc.gov/narms/annual/2002/2002ANNUALREPORTFINAL.pdf
Centers for Disease Control. (2011). A CDC framework for preventing infectious
diseases. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/oid/docs/ID-Framework.pdf
- “Infectious diseases are a leading cause of illness and death throughout the
world. The enormous diversity of microbes combined with their ability to evolve
and adapt to changing populations, environments, practices, and technologies
creates ongoing threats to health and continually challenges our efforts to prevent
and control infectious diseases. A CDC Framework for Preventing Infectious
Diseases: Sustaining the Essentials and Innovating for the Future —CDC’s ID
Framework —was developed to provide a roadmap for improving our ability to
prevent known infectious diseases and to recognize and control rare, highly
dangerous, and newly emerging threats, through a strengthened, adaptable, and
multi ‐ purpose U.S. public health system. Although its primary purpose is to