demonstrating that the levels of TCS present in these streams was affecting the
native communities. An artificial stream experiment confirmed that TCS
exposure could trigger increases in TCS resistance within cultivable benthic
bacteria, and pyrosequencing analysis indicated that TCS resulted in decreased
benthic bacterial diversity and shifts in bacterial community composition. One
notable change was a 6-fold increase in the relative abundance of cyanobacterial
sequences and a dramatic die-off of algae within the artificial streams. Selection
of cyanobacteria over algae could have significant implications for higher trophic
levels within streams. Finally, there were no observed effects of TCS on bacterial
abundance or respiration rates, suggesting that bacterial density and function
were highly resilient to TCS exposure.”D︣︣︣ zidic, S., Suskovic, J. and Kos, B. (2008). Antibiotic resistance mechanisms in
bacteria: biochemical and genetic aspects. Food Technology Biotechnology. 46(1). pg.
11-21. http://www.ftb.com.hr/index.php/archives/70-volume-46-issue-no-1/2 91
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2012). Gonococcal antimicrobial
susceptibility surveillance in Europe – 2010. ECDC, Stockholm.
http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/1206-Gonococcal-AMR.pdf
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2012). Response plan to control
and manage the threat of multidrug-resistant gonorrhoea in Europe. ECDC,
Stockholm. http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/1206-ECDC-MDR-
gonorrhoea-response-plan.pdf
Fanatico, A., Owens, C. and Emmert, J. (2009). Organic poultry production in the
United States: Broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 18. pg. 355-66.
http://sd.appstate.edu/sites/sd.appstate.edu/files/organicpoultry.pdf
Feinman, S. E. (1998). Antibiotics in animal feed – drug resistance revisited. American
Society for Microbiology. 64(1). pg. 24-30.
http://www.asm.org/ccLibraryFiles/FILENAME/000000004443/Jan98FeinmanFeature.
pdf
- “MDR coliforns occur at a high frequency in humans living in agricultural areas,
especially among those engaged in livestock production and their families.” - “High counts of MDR E. coli also are found in poultry, commercial chicken
meat, slaughterhouses, packing facilities, and in institutionally prepared servings
of chicken, including food served in hospitals.”
Fey, P., et al. (2000). Ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infection acquired by a child
from cattle. The New England Journal of Medicine. 44. pg. 1242-49.