intermediate and –resistant MRSA (VISA and VRSA) has further compromised
treatment options.”Merrett, G. (2013). Tackling antibiotic resistance for greater global health security.
Centre on Global Health Security.
https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/Global%20He
alth/1013bp_antibioticresistance.pdf
- “Integrated efforts involving academia, policy-makers, industry and interest
groups will be required to produce a global political response with strong
leadership, based on a coherent set of priorities and actions.” - In addition to the usual causes of ABR infections, this report also cites
“Availability of poor quality antibiotics” and “Increased global travel, medical
tourism and travel” - “An important leverage point in working with the agricultural sector is engaging
the food industry on this issue. So far [in the USA] this not been successful...and
appears to be a highly politicized issue.
Mezzatesta, M., et al. (2012). Enterobacter cloacae complex: Clinical impact and
emerging antibiotic resistance. Future Mirobiology. 7(7). pg. 887-902.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22827309
- “Although the E. cloacae complex strains are among the most common
Enterobacter spp. Causing nosocomial bloodstream infections in the last decade,
little is known about their virulence-associated properties. By contrast, much has
been published on the antibiotic-resistance features of these microorganisms.” - “Many other resistance determinants that are able to render ineffective almost all
antibiotic families have been recently acquired.”
Miao, X., Bishay, F., Chen, M. and Metcalfe, C. (2004). Occurrence of antimicrobials
in the final effluents of wastewater treatment plants in Canada. Environmental Science
and Technology. 38(13). pg. 3533-41. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es030653q
Montero, J. G., Lerma, F. A., Galleymore, P. R., et al. (2015). Combatting resistance in
intensive care: the multimodal approach of the Spanish ICU “Zero Resistance”
program. Critical Care. 19(1). pg. 114.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361202/
- “An ominous emerging threat is the appearance of Gram-negative
microorganisms harboring new beta-lactamases that confer high-level resistance
to all available classes of beta-lactam antibiotics.”