isolated, 37 showed antibacterial activity against either Vibrio parahaemolyticus
(ATCC 17802) or Staphylococcus aureus (P209).”- “Relatively high numbers of strains with antibacterial activity were associated
with phytoplankton. Among the zooplankton isolates, cladocerans harbored the
maximum number of antibacterial strains.”
POSSIBLE TABLE (1) TO BE INSERTED
Nakada, N., Tanishima, T., Shinohara, H., Kiri, K.and Takada, H. (2006).
Pharmaceutical chemicals and endocrine disrupters in municipal wastewater in Tokyo
and their removal during activated sludge treatment. Water Research. 40(17). pg. 3297-
- “We investigated the efficiencies of removal of 24 pharmaceutically active
compounds (PhACs) during sand filtration and ozonation in an operating
municipal sewage treatment plant (STP).”
- “The target compounds were 2 phenolic antiseptics (thymol, triclosan), 5 acidic
analgesics or anti-inflammatories (ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, fenoprofen,
mefenamic acid), 4 amide pharmaceuticals (propyphenazone, crotamiton,
carbamazepine, diethyltouluamide), 7 antibiotics (sulfapyridine,
sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin, erythromycin anhydride,
clarithromycin, roxithromycin), 3 phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals
(EDCs) (nonylphenol:NP, octylphenol:OP, bisphenol A: BPA), and 3 natural
estrogens (17 β-estradiol:E2, estrone:E1, estriol:E3).”
- “The combination of ozonation and sand filtration with activated sludge
treatment gave efficient removal (>80%) of most of the target compounds.”Nandi, S., Maurer, J. J., Hofacre, C. and Summers, A. O. (2004). Gram-positive
bacteria are a major reservoir of class 1 antibiotic resistance integrons in poultry litter.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 10(18). pg. 7118-22.
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0306466101
- “Formerly assumed barriers to intergenus exchange are far from absolute.”
- “We...demonstrate the value of direct cultivation-independent quantification of
target genes as a tool for the discovery of unexpected relationships in complex
microbial ecosystems.”
National Resources Defense Council. (2010). Dosed without prescription: Preventing
pharmaceutical contamination of our nation’s drinking water. NRDC.
https://www.nrdc.org/health/files/dosed4pgr.pdf