Pallecchi, L., Bartoloni, A., and Riccobono, E., et al. (2012). Quinolone resistance in
absence of selective pressure: The experience of a very remote community in the
Amazon forest. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 6(8). pg. 1-7.
http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001790
- “Remoteness and absence of antibiotic selective pressure did not protect the
community from the remarkable emergence of quinolone resistance in E.
coli...Improving sanitation and water/food safety are urgently needed...in
resource–limited countries, as control strategies based only on antibiotic
restriction policies are unlikely to succeed in those settings.”
Pallecchi, L., Lucchetti, C., Bartoloni, A. et al. (2007). Population structure and
resistance genes in antibiotic-resistant bacteria from a remote community with minimal
antibiotic exposure. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 51(4). pg. 1179-84.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855465/
- “The reasons for maintaining the high prevalence of resistance in the absence of
antibiotic use remain unexplained...Strategies based only on antibiotic restriction
policies are unlikely to fully succeed for these types of resistant strains and
resistance genes.”
Pathak, S. and Gopal, K. (2008). Prevalence of bacterial contamination with antibiotic-
resistant and enterotoxigenic fecal coliforms in treated drinking water. Journal of
Toxicology and Environmental Health. 71. pg. 427-33.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18306089
Patterson, D. L. (2006). Resistance in gram-negative bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae.
American Journal of Infection Control. 34(5). pg. S20-8.
- “Carbapenem resistance, although rare, appears to be increasing. Particularly
troublesome is the emergence of KPC-type carbapenemases in New York City.
Better antibiotic stewardship and infection control are needed to prevent further
spread of ESBLs and other forms of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae throughout
the world.”
Pei, R., Kim, S., Carlson, K., et al. (2006). Effect of river landscape on the sediment
concentrations of antibiotics and corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARG).
Water Research. 40. pg. 2427-35.
http://www.engr.colostate.edu/~apruden/resume/Pei%20et%20al%20Water%20Researc
h%202006.pdf