- “The mechanism of reduced susceptibility in these staphylococcal strains has not
been identified, although data indicate that it is not the same as the vancomycin-
resistance mechanism in enterococcal strains.”
Singh, H., Arora, E., Thangaraju, P., et al. (2013). Antimicrobial resistance: New
patterns, emerging concepts and prevention. Journal of Rational Pharmacotherapeutics
Research. 1(2). pg. 95-99. http://isrpt.co.in/archives/vol1_no2/4-
Rational%20Pharmacotherapeutics.pdf
- “Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a microorganism to survive and
reproduce in the presence of antibiotic doses that were previously thought
effective against them. It is defined as bacteria that are not inhibited by usually
achievable systemic concentration of an agent with normal dosage schedule
and/or fall in the minimum inhibitory concentration ranges. Multiple drug-
resistance is defined as the resistance to two or more drugs or drug classes.
Acquisition of resistance to one antibiotic conferring resistance to another
antibiotic, to which the organism has not been exposed, is called cross
resistance.”
Skold, O. (2011). Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Wiley Publishing (ed).
Sosa, A., Byarugaba, D. K., Ama ́bile-Cuevas, A., et al., eds. (2010). Antimicrobial
resistance in developing countries. Springer Science & Business Media, LLC.
- This 539 text is a comprehensive review of anti-microbial resistance as it
“relates to the developing countries” in Asia, Africa and Latin America. - The subject groups and its 30 chapters are...”General Issues in Antimicrobial
Resistance, The Human Impact of Resistance, Antimicrobial Use and Misuse,
Cost, Policy, and Regulation of Antimicrobials [and] Strategies to Contain
Antimicrobial Resistance.”
Spellberg, B., et al. (2007). Societal costs versus savings from wild-card patent
extension legislation to spur critically needed antibiotic development. Infection. 35(3).
pg. 167-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17565458
- “[Based on the extension of] the patient...The Infectious Diseases Society of
America (IDSA) has released a white paper that proposes incentives to stimulate
critically needed antibiotic development by pharmaceutical companies....by a
‘wild-card patent extension’ program...the patent on a drug within their active
portfolio.”