An acid–base indicator is used in a titration and changes color in the presence of an
acid or base.
The equivalence point or endpoint of a titration is the point at which an equivalent
amount of acid or base has been added to the base or acid being neutralized.
Know how to determine the pH at any point of an acid–base titration.
The solubility product constant, Ksp, is the equilibrium constant expression for spar-
ingly soluble salts. It is the product of the ionic concentration of the ions, each raised
to the power of the coefficient of the balanced chemical equation.
Know how to apply ion-products and Kspvalues to predict precipitation.
Formation constants describe complex ion equilibria.240 Step 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High