5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry

Experiment 22: Synthesis and Properties of an

Organic Compound

Synopsis

Any of a number of chemical reactions can be used to synthesize an organic compound. After

synthesis, the compound is purified and tested. (See the chapter on Organic Chemistry.)

Equipment

analytical balance buret burner

capillary tubes drying oven Erlenmeyer flask

evaporating dish filter flasks support stand

thermometer water bath clamp

Measurements

Quantities of reactants are measured by using either mass or volume measurements.

In some cases, the mass of the product is measured.

Calculations

When the mass of the product (actual yield) is measured, normally a percent yield is

required. The mass of the limiting reagent is converted, through moles, to the theoretical

yield of product. The percent yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoret-

ical yield, then multiplying the resulting value by 100%.

Comments

Many different compounds could be synthesized.

 Common Mistakes to Avoid

1. You measureinitial and final values, but calculatethe change.


2. You use an analytical balance to weigh the mass (grams), but not the moles.

 Review Questions

Multiple-choice questions concerning experiments have been embedded in the review

questions in the appropriate chapters.

 Answers and Explanations

None

 Free-Response Questions

First Free-Response Question

Answer the following question. You have 15 minutes, and you may not use a calculator. You

may use the tables at the back of the book.

Experimental  297

TIP