univalent ions (+1 or −1). The higher the charge is, the greater the attraction between
the ions is. The lattice energy increases as the attraction increases. You get 1 point for
correctly discussing the charges.
The difference between the CaO and BaO values is because the larger the ion is,
the lower the attraction is (greater separation). The lower attraction leads to a lower
lattice energy. This size argument will get you 1 point.Total your points. The maximum is 7.Rapid Review
Here is a brief review of the most important points in the chapter. If something sounds
unfamiliar, study it in the chapter and your textbook.
Know the metric measurement system and some metric/English conversions. Know how to convert from any one of the Fahrenheit/Celsius/Kelvin temperature scales
to the other two.
The density of a substance is mass per unit volume. Know how to determine the number of significant figures in a number, the rules for how
many significant figures are to be shown in the final answer, and the round-off rules.
Know how to set up problems using the factor label method. Know the differences between a solid, a liquid, and a gas at both the macroscopic and
microscopic levels.
Know what part Dalton, Thompson, Millikan, and Rutherford had in the development
of the atomic model.
Know the three basic subatomic particles—proton, neutron, and electron—their
symbols, mass in amu, and their location.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have differing numbers of neutrons. Electrons are located in major energy levels called shells. Shells are divided into subshells,
and there are orbitals for each subshell.
Know the electron capacity of each orbital (always 2). Be able to write both the energy-level diagram and the electronic configuration of an
atom or ion by applying both the Aufbau build-up principle and Hund’s rule.
Know how the modern periodic table was developed, including the differences between
Mendeleev’s table and the current table.
Periods are the horizontal rows on the periodic table; the elements have properties unlike
the other members of the period.
Groups or families are the vertical rows on the periodic table; the elements have similar
properties.
Know the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids and which elements on the
periodic table belong to each group.
Valence electrons are outer-shell electrons.Basics 65