Sullivan, L. E., Tetrault, J. M., Braithwaite, R. S., Turner, B. J., & Fiellin, D. A. (2011).
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2004a).
(^94) Fleming, M. F., Mundt, M. P., French, M. T., Manwell, L. B., Stauffacher, E. A., & Barry, K. L. (2002).
(^95) Schermer, C. R., Moyers, T. B., Miller, W. R., & Bloomfield, L. A. (2006).
(^96) D'Onofrio, G., & Degutis, L. C. (2002).
(^97) Kip, M. J., Neumann, T., Jugel, C., Kleinwaechter, R., Weiss-Gerlach, E., Guill, M. M., et al. (2008).
(^98) Gentilello, L. M., Rivara, F. P., Donovan, D. M., Jurkovich, G. J., Daranciang, E., Dunn, C. W., et al. (1999).
(^99) National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors. (2006).
Whitlock, E. P., Polen, M. R., Green, C. A., Orleans, T., & Klein, J. (2004).
(^100) Whitlock, E. P., Polen, M. R., Green, C. A., Orleans, T., & Klein, J. (2004).
(^101) U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2008).
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2011).
(^102) Bernstein, E., Edwards, E., Dorfman, D., Heeren, T., Bliss, C., & Bernstein, J. (2009).
D'Amico, E. J., Miles, J. N. V., Stern, S. A., & Meredith, L. S. (2008).
Madras, B. K., Compton, W. M., Avula, D., Stegbauer, T., Stein, J. B., & Clark, H. W. (2009).
Magill, M., Barnett, N. P., Apodaca, T. R., Rohsenow, D. J., & Monti, P. M. (2009).
Stein, M. D., Hagerty, C. E., Herman, D. S., Phipps, M. G., & Anderson, B. J. (2011).
World Health Organization. (2008).
(^103) Madras, B. K., Compton, W. M., Avula, D., Stegbauer, T., Stein, J. B., & Clark, H. W. (2009).
(^104) Madras, B. K., Compton, W. M., Avula, D., Stegbauer, T., Stein, J. B., & Clark, H. W. (2009).
(^105) Bernstein, J., Bernstein, E., Tassiopoulos, K., Heeren, T., Levenson, S., & Hingson, R. (2005).
(^106) Baker, A., Lee, N. K., Claire, M., Lewin, T. J., Grant, T., Pohlman, S., et al. (2005).
(^107) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2009a).
(^108) Curie, C. G. (2006).
(^109) Harris, S. K., Csemy, L., Sherritt, L., Starostova, O., Van Hook, S., Johnson, J., et al. (2012).
Vaca, F. E., Winn, D., Anderson, C. L., Kim, D., & Arcila, M. (2011).
(^110) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012b).
(^111) American Society of Addiction Medicine. (1997).
(^112) Bernstein, J., Bernstein, E., Tassiopoulos, K., Heeren, T., Levenson, S., & Hingson, R. (2005).
Fleming, M. F., Mundt, M. P., French, M. T., Manwell, L. B., Stauffacher, E. A., & Barry, K. L. (2002).
Clinical Practice Guideline Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Panel, Liaisons, and Staff. (2008).
(^113) Office of National Drug Control Policy. (2010).
(^114) U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2011).
(^115) American Society of Addiction Medicine. (1997).
(^116) American Academy of Family Physicians. (2011b).
American Academy of Family Physicians. (2011a).
(^117) American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2008).
(^118) Galloway, T. (2010).
(^119) U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2004).
(^120) U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2003).
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2009).
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2008).
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2011).
(^121) National Quality Forum. (2007).
(^122) Gold, M. S., Frost-Pineda, K., Goldberger, B. A., & DuPont, R. L. (2006).
The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University. (2011a).
(^123) Clinical Practice Guideline Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Panel, Liaisons, and Staff.
(2008).
(^124) Committee on Substance Abuse. (2011).
American Medical Association. (1997).
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2009).
(^125) American Medical Association. (1997).
Kulig, J. W., & Committee on Substance Abuse. (2005).