11.4 Ampere’s law in differential form (optional)...... 705`
The curl operator, 705.—Properties of the curl operator, 706.
11.5 Induced electric fields............... 711
Faraday’s experiment, 711.—Why induction?, 715.—Faraday’s law,
717.
11.6 Maxwell’s equations............... 722
Induced magnetic fields, 722.—Light waves, 724.
11.7 Electromagnetic properties of materials....... 734
Conductors, 734.—Dielectrics, 735.—Magnetic materials, 737.
Problems...................... 745
Exercises...................... 760
12 Optics
12.1 The ray model of light............... 763
The nature of light, 764.—Interaction of light with matter, 767.—
The ray model of light, 769.—Geometry of specular reflection,
772.—?The principle of least time for reflection, 776.
12.2 Images by reflection............... 778
A virtual image, 778.—Curved mirrors, 781.—A real image, 782.—
Images of images, 783.
12.3 Images, quantitatively............... 788
A real image formed by a converging mirror, 788.—Other cases
with curved mirrors, 792.—?Aberrations, 796.
12.4 Refraction.................... 799
Refraction, 800.—Lenses, 806.—?The lensmaker’s equation, 808.—
Dispersion, 809.—?The principle of least time for refraction, 809.—
?Microscopic description of refraction, 810.
12.5 Wave optics................... 812
Diffraction, 812.—Scaling of diffraction, 814.—The correspondence
principle, 814.—Huygens’ principle, 815.—Double-slit diffraction,
816.—Repetition, 820.—Single-slit diffraction, 821.—Coherence, 823.—
?The principle of least time, 825.
Problems...................... 827
Exercises...................... 845
13 Quantum Physics
13.1 Rules of randomness............... 855
Randomness isn’t random., 856.—Calculating randomness, 857.—
Probability distributions, 861.—Exponential decay and half-life,
863.—Applications of calculus, 868.
13.2 Light as a particle................ 870
Evidence for light as a particle, 871.—How much light is one pho-
ton?, 873.—Wave-particle duality, 878.—Nonlocality and entan-
glement, 881.—Photons in three dimensions, 887.
13.3 Matter as a wave................. 889
Electrons as waves, 890.—Dispersive waves, 894.—Bound states,
897.—The uncertainty principle, 900.—Electrons in electric fields,
902.—The Schr ̈odinger equation, 904.
Contents 11