The Biology and Culture of Tilapias

Table 3 (cont'd)
S. shiranus chilwae

Africa

America

Europe

Africa

Asia

America

Africa

SE Asia

America

Madagascar

S. hornorurn

Puerto Rico, Brazil,

U.S.A

S. galilaeus

Germany

T. rendalli

Madagascar

Mauritius

Sri Lanka

Thailand

Brazil

Colombia

Peru

Bolivia, Paraguay

Mexico

T. zillii

Madagascar

Malacca, Fiji

Taiwan

U.S.A.

only cultured experimentally (George 1976)

introduced for hybridization in numerous

experimental fishery and fish culture stations

experiments for rearing in industrial thermal

effluents (in Balarin and Hatton 1979)

established in numerous lakes and rivers but has

seriously perturbed the ecology of Lake Kin-

kony (Lamarque et al. 1975)

introduced for fish culture in 1956, it escaped

into rivers and reservoirs where it occasionally

has serious effects on the indigenous flora and

fauna (George 1976)

well-established in natural waters where a

vacant ecological niche existed (Welcomme

197913)

at first well-established in natural waters then

progressively regressing and disappearing, prob-

ably due to competition from local species

(Welcomme 197913)

reared intensively in the northeast and the

central-south of the country and established in

natural waters, notably Lake Pinheiro in

Brazilia and in numerous hydroelectric reservoirs

in Sao Paulo State; but many reports of over-

population and destruction of the vegetation

(Nomura 1976,1977)

cultivated in ponds and established in natural

waters in the Valle del Caucabetween 1,000 m

and 1,400 m; but the dissemination into other

regions is forbidden until more is known of the

effects on the ecosystems and the native

species (Norena 1977)

cultivated in ponds and established in certain

lakes (FA0 1977c)

only cultivated in ponds (FA0 1977c)

cultivated in ponds up to an altitude of 1,500

m in the center and south of the country (FA0

1977c)

established in numerous ponds, lakes and rivers

(Lamarque et al. 1975)

introduced but established (?)

little appreciated by fish culturists because of

its aggrebiveness (Chen 1976)

introduced to Hawaii (?); established in natural

waters in Florida; reared commercially in