see also Cages, Extensive cage culture,
Intensive cage culture, Semi-
intensive cage culture
Cages, in cage culture 207-10
factors influencing production 213
size and feed conversion ratio 230
see also Cage culture
California, unfavorable consequences of
introductions 57
Cannibalism, and fry production
discussed 328
Camssius auratus, space factor in high
density culture 260
Carbohydrate, site of digestion 148-9
Carbon, assimilation by S. niloticus 41
Carbon dioxide, effects of high levels
discussed 126
high levels tolerated 40
and massive fish kills 40
Carrying capacity, of S. mossambicus in
ponds 187
Cassava, see Manihot esculenta
Castor bean meal, use as a cheap feed
discussed 305
Catastrophic mortality, and life history
strategy 63
Catchability, of hybrids 298
Cattle bloods, in feeds for culture 226,
223-4.
Central African Republic, intensive cage
culture 232-3
Cemtophyllum demersum, used in feed-
ing studies 166-73
preferred food of T. rendalli 166
Channa striata, a predator in pond culture
201
Chanos chanos, affected by introductions
in the Philippines 57
mature late and stunted on Christmas
Island 337
Chara sp., in semi-intensive cage culture
221
Chemical factors, and distribution of
tilapias 31-4 1
and number of S. niloticus spawning
299
and spawning performance discussed
327-8
Chemical stimuli, and reproductive
behavior 347
Chemosterilants, and control of repro-
duction 314
Chilodonella spp., and disease in cultured
tilapias 248-9
China, introductions 28
Chloramphenicol, misuse discussed 263
use cannot be condoned in fish
culture 261
Chopped snails, used in semi-intensiae
cage culture 223
Christmas Island, maturity and size of
Chanos chanos 337
Cichla ocellaris, predator in pond culture
201
predator on young tilapias 313
Cichlasoma managuense, predator in
polyculture 189
predator in pond culture 201
predator on young tilapias 313
Cichlidae, distribution 16
Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, monogenean
parasite 250
Cichlidogyrus tubicirrus minutus, mono-
genean parasite 250
Citharinus, a competitor with tilapias 85
in L. Kainji 87
Cladophom sp., in semi-intensive cage
culture 221
Clarias gariepinnus, eats S. mossambicus
in L. Sibaya 97
Clarias lazem, predator on young
tilapias 313
Classification of tilapias, new scheme
proposed 12
Cnidosculus chayamansa, in semi-
intensive cage culture 221
Cold tolerance, in hybrids 298
Colocasia spp. in semi-intensive cage
culture 221-2
Colombia, introductions 28, 30
unfavorable consequences of intro-
ductions 57
Colossoma macropomum, and poly-
culture of all-male hybrids 297-8,
300
Common carp, see Cyprinus carpio
Competition, between species in L.
Victoria 91-3
Condition, and length at first
maturity in S. niloticus 88
and switch from growth to repro-
duction 110
Condition factor 162
and starvation studies in T. ren-
dalli 164-5
and water content in T. rendalli
164
Conductivity, in high altitude lakes 36
Conference aims 1