Conrerence proceedings summarized
331-51
Constraints, on cage culture listed 237
Contracaecum spp., in pericardium of
S. alcalicus gmhami 252-3
Control, of reproduction 309-16
Cooling waters, introduction of
tilapias 25
Copepods, parasitic on tilapias, 253-4
Copra meal, use in pond culture 199
Coptodon (subgenus), wide distribution
21
Costs, of artisanal feeds in culture 225-6
Cottonseed cake, in feeds 199, 226
Courtship 46
Crater lakes, tilapia habitats 31
Ctenopharyngodon idella, in polyculture
190
predator on tilapia fry 188
Culture, general review of problems 265-7
Currents, see Water currents
Cyprinus carpio, compared with tilapias
in culture systems 245
in hybrid fingerling nursery ponds 288
and intensive cage cultue 235-6
in polyculture 193-4, 297
predator on tilapia fry 190
Cyprus, introductions 29Daily changes in habitat 53
Daily feed ration, in intensive cage
culture 225-7
Daily rate of increase in biomass 218
Definitions, cage culture 205
embryonic period 64
extensive cage culture 216
fecundity 31 8
feeding rate 225
food quality 153
heterochrony 64
juvenile period 64
larval period 64
Sarotherodon and Oreochromis,
subgenera 7
semi-intensive cage culture 220
senescent period 64
Density, high density culture and
mortalities 258
Depth, and distribution of tilapias 32-3
limits distribution of lacustrine
tilapias 51
restricts feeding in S. mossambicus 42
Descriptions of hybrid crosses, give
female parent first 279,353
Desert pupfish (Cyprinodontidae), in
hot springs 34
Detrital amino acids, in diet 152,154
Detrital matter, described and discussed
179
Detritus, added to ponds by organic
manures 197
and detritivory 342-4
in diet 144-5
and gelatinous material discussed 177
and growth in pond culture 188
should be examined in more detail 179
Detritus feeding, discussed 178-9,202
DFR, see Daily feed ration
Dicentrarchus spp., predators in culture
189,201
Diet, and parental care 4
role of animal food 146
of seventeen species summarized 144
some points discussed 180
of T. mariae, T. sparrmanii, and
T. zillii 4
Diethylstilbestrol, and sex reversal 311-2
Digenean parasites 250-2
four groups in cultured tilapias 250
life cycle described 250
Digestion, 146-9, 340-2
feeding and growth 141-56
low pH of stomach fluid 146
Digestive tract, described 142
Diseases 247-63
and anomalities and deformities 258-60
and cage culture 238-9
caused by bacteria 254-6
control measures should be considered
354
discussed 262-3
haemorrhagic septicaemia 255-6
mycotic infections 256
neoplasia 258
prevention and control 261
problems summarized 351
spread by introductions? 57
and toxic conditions 257-8
viral diseases 256-7
see also Parasitic diseases
Dissolved gases, and distribution of
tilapias 40-1, 51
and massive fish kills 40
supersaturation and rearing of
tilapias 4 1