Japan, introductions 28-31
Java, introductions 25, 28
Juvenile period, defined 64
K-selected strategy, features discussed 63
Kafue Gorge hydroelectric dam 107
Kenya, introduction of T. zillii 6
Kenya rift soda lakes, ecological studies
100-1
Kibbutz Ein Hamifrats, establishment
of pure strains 335
mass production of fry 325-6
Kilimanjaro (Mount), Oreochromis
hunten' 6
Laboratory studies, T. tholloni 5
Lactate dehydrogenase, studied in
tilapias 273-4
Lacustrine tilapias, depth limited 51
growth rates in various lakes 103
"K" strategists 111
in West African crater lakes 99
Lagoons, as tilapia habitats 31
Lakes, conductivity in high altitude lakes
36
high altitude 36
high salinity 38
restricted distribution of tilapias 23
as tilapia habitats 31
Larval anomalies, in S. niloticus 260
Larval period, defined 64
sometimes greatly extended or
eliminated 64
Lutes niloticus, predator on tilapias 85,
188,313
Latimeria chalumnae, larval period
eliminated 64
Legislation needed, to contain outbreaks
of serious diseases 354
to control use and abuse of antibiotics
354
Leks; in Sarotherodon 69
Lemna minor, used in semi-intensive
cage culture 221-2
Length distributions, of S. niloticus in
various waters 88
Lemea spp., parasitic copepods 253
Lernaea tikrpiae, restricted to tilapias
of L. Malawi 253
Leucaena leucocephala, ipil ipil, leaf
med feed in fish culture 221,225
Licenses, required for extensive cage
culture 216
Life histories 61-82
five periods recognized and defined 64
mouthbrooders and substrate spawners
compared 70-1
parameters for 18 species summarized
74-5
r and K selection 62-3
strategies 338
strategies discussed 62
Light, effect on spawning 314
Lipid, assimilation efflciency 152
see also Fat
Longevity, for 14 species summarized 74-5
Lymphocystis infection, in wild tilapias
256Macrophytes, assimilation efficiencies
151
in diet 144
used in semi-intensive cage culture
221-2
Madagascar, ecological effects of intro-
ductions and transfers 55-7
introductions 2830
Malacca (Malaysia), pduction of all-male
hybrids 291
Malachite green, a prophylactic against
mycotic infections 256
Malawi species flock 97-8, 332
and allopatric speciation 8
relsted species with a characteristic
feature 7
and sympatric speciation 8
Malaysia, introductions 28,30
Maintenance energy, required by T.
rendalli 172-3
Male sex-protein, and dominance
discussed 277
levels and sexual activity dis-
cussed 277
as serum marker 270
studied in tilapias 274-5
Malnutrition, and protein deficiency 153
Man-made lakes, expectations for com-
mercial fisheries 85
factors affecting success of intro-
ductions 50
listed 86