Feb.4] PROCEEDINGS. [1890.THE NEW ACCADIAN.By the Rev.C. J. Ball, M.A.,Oxon.,
CHAPLAINOFLINCOLN'SINN; FORMERLY CENSORANDLECTURERIN
KING'SCOLLEGE,LONDON.
(Continuedfrompage80.)
I omitted to suggest any Chinese equivalentfor "fl-^, gi, gin,
gimru,"all,""thewhole"(p. 53). TheMandarinh'ien,Cantonese
ham,Amoyham,Shanghaiye"," together, all, jointly—totally,com
pletely—always,"goesbackto this primitive. Cp. also nigin,"all
together,"universum{videp. 219 infra). Thedialecticham= gam,
ye" = gin. (ThisfluctuationbetweenM and n as the final soundis
parallelto that betweenM and n as initials, in mu, nu, and similar
forms. It maybe further illustratedby the fact that a single Accadian
sign does dutyfor both ban and bam,andthe like.) So h'ien, han,
han, he", " a bar, fence —an enclosure—a fold, corral—to obstruct, to
close,"is plainly identical with JJwT'gan,ginii,eklu," enclosure,"
"garden,""field";gi(n),sanaku, "toshut in,"ga (or gi), kalfi,
"to close," "restrain"(p. 53 so.); and h'ien, " sincere"= gin, klnu,
do.; andh'ien, "anythingfine, volatile, minute, impalpable" (of
the motes in the sunlight)= gi(n), sahru, " small, minute," and
fcJE f, gina, iirru","little,"sihru™,"small."
AnotherChinesesynonymis kiin or kiiin ox chiiin, "all,altogether,
all these," saidof preceding items. Thistermis pronounced kwdn,
kun, kiin, in the three dialects. It is natural to compare it both with
gin, gimru, ni-GIN, napharu,"all together,""thewhole,"andwith
►tf^-y, UK-kin,puhru,"gathering, assembly, total." Thislatter
sign has also the sound of kin, whichprobablymeans"gathering";
andthe disappearance of the first syllable uk- (i.e., uku, "the
people")in Chinese is accounted for by the fact thatthe accent lay
on the second. Thesame Accadian termis also the original of
chiiin= kwan, kun, kiin,"an army,""a legion." Chiiin= k'wdn,
i'un,k'iin," to collect in crowds," agreesin meaning exactlywith
ni-GIN,paharu, sich versammeln; and when we note that the
Chinesetermalsomeans" to bind," " to seize," we can hardly avoid
recallinggi(n),ga, with the same meanings(p. 53 sq.). Chiiin,"to
207