Nov.5J SOCIETYOF BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGY. ['^9-king,"mayrepresentChinese'yiti,"to grasp in the hand," "govern,"
"rule"("true,""earnest";cp. gina = kenu), whichis also "an old
term for chief, principal, first " (old soundsyin, ngin). Yii', " to
drive(i.e.,graspthe reins), " manage," " rule " ; " imperial," " royal"
(oldsoundsngo,ngop,etc.),seemsto be cognate.
Withgun, "toshine," gun-ni, "an oven"or "furnace," the
Chineseyang, "to roast,"a term used of cooking, and also of
meltingmetals,is seen to be related whenwe notice thatthe old
soundwas yung, which pointsto an original gun (cp. Amoy Jong,
giong, Fuhchaungibng). From the same root springsyang," the
risingsun,"yang, " lofty," " clear," "sunnylight,"yang,"themale
of animals," "virility,"correspondingto Ace. gi-5,gi, zikaru, "male,"
and gis, idlu, "hero"(?). gi5, "heaven,"and gir-ra (gira),"heaven,"
are akin to gus and gar," to shine," andmay be connected with
the same Chineseroots. Oneof the meanings of yii is " the canopy
of heaven." ga, gur, " to lift," gu, " lifted up," seem to find
analogues in yin (old sound ngin), " lofty andmountainous,"yin,
"high cliffs,"yin,"risingof waters," "excessive," " great,"yin,"to
raise a bank," etc. I have already pointedout thatgiS, " one,"
answersto yih, "one,"and that gis (git), "strongdrink,"answersto
yii. Finally,gis, isu, " wood," whichhas the dialectic formsmis and
mu,corresponds to the Chinese muh, " wood," oldermuk. The
sameapparentexception to the rule seemsto exist in the case of a
wordfor " eye," which in Chinese is also muh,but in the Accadian
igi, with a dialectic formint. The Chineseyen or yien, "theeye,"
old sound yin,ngin,in Cantonese ngan,Amoygan,Shanghainge",
exactly corresponds to the Accadian igi (igin). The Accadian
im-ma(ima,im) sumu, " thirst," appearsto correspond with'yin," to
drink,"Cantoneseyam,Amoyim. Theoriginalformwasprobably
GIM. ThegoddessZirpanituwas called gaS-muin Accadian, which
perhaps means the same thing as her Assyrian title ; cp. Cochin
Chinese giou, semen, genus, gieo, seminare; mou, germen; mo
(Mandarinmu),amare. (In Mandarin, yii' is " to long for,"" desire,"
andalso "tobearand bring up children.")* Thewordgukkal,
fromwhichis borrowed the Assyrian gitkkallit,is supposed to mean
" sheep." In that case, it may be compared withyang(oldform
yung, implying gun or gug), a "sheep" or "goat." Dingira,
"god,"with its Assyrianized formdigiru,maybe a compound of
di namdru, " to shine," and gira, " heaven" (di-hgira ; cp. kingira =
- As Accadian MU = nadAnu, "to give," gaSmumaybe "seed-giver."
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