Mar.4] SOCIETYOF BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGY. [189a
gates of temples and palaces. Now lamma, or lam, "strong,"
answersto Chinese Ian, dialecticlam,lam,li", " strong, hale " ; cp.
lieh, lip, Hap, lih (i.e., lib), "robust";lieh-lieh, "tallandstrong."
lib,libba,Sutuku, " extended, long," is one of the values of the
signt|JJ. Another valueis lig, ligga, dannu, "strong,great,"
which I have alreadycomparedwith Chinese//'/;, old sound lik
(i.e.,lig),dialecticlik, lik, lih, " strength." Chinese hasalso lin,
"strong,fierce,enduring,"dialecticlun,I'm, ling.
We may alsocomparewithlamma,the awe-inspiring, protecting
genius of temples, lung, " the dragon," the emblem of imperial
powerand awe, anda designation of the ruling powers of nature ;
and ling, " the spiritor energy of a being, the majesty of a god,
divine, supernatural aid"; a term appliedvariously to gods and
ghosts. Kitling is "the greator chief Spirit"; sanling, "the
threespirits,i.e., the sun, moon,and stars." Cp. also /dug(Ieng),
" the awe or influence of a god."*
Butas regards lung, which is important as being the 212th
Chineseradicalor determinative, it is to be remarked thatits mean
ings, "to bud"(pullulare)and "essentialvigour,"pointat once to
the Accadian ^J^ff lam, eiebu, lam-lam ussubu, " to sprout,"
■J^CLUM.tand LUM-LUM, unnubu, ussubu, " to shoot, bourgeon,
sprout." And as this / represents evenin Accadian an older d
(cp. ^*vjy dim, "to beget, to be begotten," tSf damu, dumu,
"child"; and another instanceto be mentioned presently);and as
initiald is dialectic for g, we are not surprised to find thatin Acca
dian-j^t:is pronounced g'umandgum(Oppert)as well as i.um, or
thatChinese possesses yung, "burstingforth, as plants," yung,
- As regards alad,the character *7 is the only one with the valuelad or hi
in Accadian. Thischaracteralsomeans "strong"(dannu), and "totake,
capture"a city (ialddu), whenpronouncedKUR. ALADis perhaps "theseizer";
cp. la, lat 1 = lad), "tograbat, to clutch," alreadycited. But as kala\iu is
thoughtto mean "tocomeat, reach, get"(ankommen,gelangen,crlangen,
erobern),and lai (old sound lat ?) is " to come, to reach, to get "; this term also
maybe cognatewiththe Accadian LAD ; cp. lag', "to go" and"to carry off."
On the other hand,as the ideogram suggests,alad,likelamma,may simply
mean" strong"; cp. lac, li, lo, " firm, strong"; lei, " robust, strong"; lao-lae,
" gigantic"; of which termslat may havebeenthe earlier form.
t This characteris also contained in KA-HIMMA, " dates" [luluppt). Cp.
Chinesekwo,AmoyHi (= ka) ; Shanghai ku, " fruit." The" five fruits" (vmh
/.■wo)are peach, apricot,plum,chestnut,anddate. WithLUMheremaybe
comparedlang(lung)," a species of palm."
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