Organic Waste Recycling

Biofuels production 179

Figure 4.15 Packing media for anaerobic filters: (a) pall ring; (b) crossflow media; (c)
tubular media

Table 4.12 Packing media for anaerobic filters (Henze and Harremoes 1983)

Material Characteristics

Specific

surface

area (m^2 /m^3 )

Empty bed

porosity

Quartz stone

Granite stone

Lime stone

Gravel

Oyster shells

Active carbon

Red clay blocs

Corrugated blocs

PVC

Granite chips

Pall rings

Norton plastic rings

Rachig rings

Polypropylene spheres

20-40 mm dia.

25-38 mm dia.

20-40 mm dia.

6-38 mm dia.

60-100 mm dia.

1.5 mm dia.

28.28 mm pore size

25 mm dia.

12-25 mm

90.90 mm

90 mm

10.16 mm

90 mm dia.

157

98-132

102

114

45-49

89

0.42

0.53

0.49

0.4

0.82

0.60

0.7

0.95

0.40

0.95

0.95

0.76-0.78

>0.95