276 Organic waste recycling: technology and management
Table 6.3 Solubility of dissolved oxygen in water in equilibrium with dry air at 760 mm
Hg and containing 20.9 percent oxygen (after Whipple and Whipple 1911)
Temperature Chloride concentration (mg/L)(^0) C
0 5000 10,000 15,000 20,000
0 14.6 13.8 13.0 12.1 11.3
1 14.2 13.4 12.6 11.8 11.0
2 13.8 13.1 12.3 11.5 10.8
3 13.5 12.7 12.0 11.2 10.5
4 13.1 12.4 11.7 11.0 10.3
5 12.8 12.1 11.4 10.7 10.0
6 12.5 11.8 11.1 10.5 9.8
7 12.2 11.5 10.9 10.2 9.6
8 11.9 11.2 10.6 10.0 9.4
9 11.6 11.0 10.4 9.8 9.2
10 11.3 10.7 10.1 9.6 9.0
11 11.1 10.5 9.9 9.4 8.8
12 10.8 10.3 9.7 9.2 8.6
13 10.6 10.1 9.5 9.0 8.6
14 10.4 9.9 9.3 8.8 8.3
15 10.2 9.7 9.1 8.6 8.1
16 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0
17 9.7 9.3 8.8 8.3 7.8
18 9.5 9.1 8.6 8.2 7.7
19 9.4 8.9 8.5 8.0 7.6
20 9.2 8.7 8.3 7.9 7.4
21 9.0 8.6 8.1 7.7 7.3
22 8.8 8.4 8.0 7.6 7.1
23 8.7 8.3 7.9 7.4 7.0
24 8.5 8.1 7.7 7.3 6.9
25 8.4 8.0 7.6 7.2 6.7
26 8.2 7.8 7.4 7.0 6.6
27 8.1 7.7 7.3 6.9 6.5
28 7.9 7.5 7.1 6.8 6.4
29 7.8 7.4 7.0 6.6 6.3
30 7.6 7.3 6.9 6.5 6.1
Fish species have different rates of oxygen consumption, which vary with the
different stages of life. Young fish need more DO than adult fish. Among the
various species, Tilapias are the most resistant to low DO. Among carps,
common carp is more resistant than silver carp. Most of the data concerning the
tolerance to low DO were mainly derived from experiments conducted at
constant DO, thus have little relevance to waste-fed ponds where DO fluctuate
to a wide extent. Fish may be much more resistant to low DO for a short period
of time. Waste-fed fish ponds should be designed to have lowest DO levels of 1-