490 Organic Waste Recycling: Technology and Management
- recycled materials utilization incentives; these can be a straightforward
subsidy or tax allowance for the consumers of recycled as opposed to
virgin materials; - accelerate depreciation allowances; these would be made available to
the recycling industries on plant and buildings used wholly or partly for
reclamation and recycling; - price support, i.e. excess stocks of recycled materials are not allowed to
drive down the price, thus allowing recycling efforts to continue at
predetermined levels.
Other legislative instruments for regulating and promoting waste recycling
programs, as listed in Tables 10.3-10.5, which are applicable to developing
countries, are:
- mandatory source separation
- mandatory deposit-refund system
- payment per unit of waste handled
- advance disposal fees
- disposal bans
- tax credit
- subsidies
- market development initiatives
Each instrument has some advantages and constraints in implementations,
depending on areas, economic, people, waste characteristics, public
participation, and public awareness of each country. Some developed countries
like U.S.A. and Japan, whose gross national products are considerably high,
would have capacity of implementing monetary instruments, such as advance
disposal fees, payments per unit of waste handled, and subsidies. Furthermore,
people in these countries are willing to incorporate waste recycling program
because the public environmental awareness is somewhat high.
To utilize effectively these legislative instruments in developing countries,
the legislators should realize the realistic status of the country as well as crucial
roles of the institutes/agencies involved, as previously described in section 10.3.