Amazonian frog community: a ten-year study. Pages 124–137 in W. F. Laurance and
R. O. Bierregaard (eds.), Tropical forest remnants: ecology, management, and conservation
of fragmented communities.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Uhl, C., and J. B. Kauffman. 1990. Deforestation effects on fire susceptibility and the
potential response of the tree species to fire in the rainforest of the eastern Amazon. Ecol-
ogy71:437–449.
Van Shaik, C. P., J. Terborgh, and S. J. Wright. 1993. The phenology of tropical forests:
adaptive significance and consequences for primary consumers. Annual Review of Ecology
and Systematics24:353–377.
Vasconcelos, H. L. 1988. Distribution of Atta(Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in “terra-firme”
rain forest of central Amazonia: density, species composition and preliminary results on
effects of forest fragmentation. Acta Amazonica18:309–315.
Vasconcelos, H. L. 1999. Effects of forest disturbance on the structure of ground-foraging
ant communities in central Amazonia. Biodiversity and Conservation8:409–420.
Viana, V. M., and A. A. J. Tabanez. 1996. Biology and conservation of forest fragments in
the Brazilian Atlantic Moist Forest. Pages 151–167 in J. Schelhas and R. Greenberg
(eds.), Forest patches in tropical landscapes.Washington, DC: Island Press.
Wahlberg, N., A. Moilanen, and I. Hanski. 1996. Predicting the occurrence of endangered
species in fragmented landscapes. Science273:1536–1538.
Williams-Linera, G. 1990. Vegetation structure and environmental conditions of forest
edges in Panama. Journal of Ecology78:356–373.
Williamson, G. B., R. Mesquita, K. Ickes, and G. Ganade. 1998. Estratégias de árvores pio-
neiras nos Neotrópicos. Pages 131–144 in C. Gascon and P. Moutinho (eds.), Floresta
Amazônica: dinâmica, regeneração e manejo.Manaus, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas da Amazônia.
Wright, S. J., C. Carrasco, C. Calderón, and S. Paton. 1999. The El Niño Southern Oscil-
lation, variable fruit production, and famine in a tropical forest. Ecology80:1632–1642.
Zimmerman, B. L., and R. O. Bierregaard Jr. 1986. Relevance of the equilibrium theory of
island biogeography and species-area relations to conservation with a case from Amazo-
nia. Journal of Biogeography13:133–143.
- Ecological Effects of Habitat Fragmentation in the Tropics 49