PREFACE

T

HE objectives of any bibliography are simply stated, complete­

ness, accuracy, and convenience of arrangement.

Completeness did not seem to us to involve the including of

incidental or conventional references to Philo such as appear

in all popular works on the early history of Judaism or Christianity, or

on the history of philosophy. Accordingly, though personal judgment

had to rule arbitrarily in many cases, it seemed worth while to list only

such items from modern times as showed evidence of some study of

Philo. But a "Philo item" is by no means always shown to be such di­

rectly in the title. To list completely all mention of Philo in scholarly

discussion of early Christianity, for example, would in itself be an ex­

tended problem, to be dealt with only by one working systematically in

that field and with an eye to that particular point. The same is true of

Philo's place in Greek philosophy, in Hebrew tradition, and in ecclesias­

tical tradition. Quite apart, then, from inevitable cases of oversight, the

lists in many of the sections which follow are offered only as a sugges­

tive beginning for one interested in tracing what scholars have con­

sidered to have been the influence of Philo in the various fields.

As to accuracy, in spite of our manifest debt to predecessors, we have

spent so much time in trying to identify erroneous titles from former

bibliographies that we have spared no pains ourselves to make each title

complete and exact. We have ourselves seen every item which we list

without comment. Items inaccessible to us are listed with the source of

our entry: "From no.—" means that we have taken the title as we list

it from the item which has that number in this Bibliography; "From
U.C." means that the title so marked is from the Union Catalogue of
America; "B.M.," British Museum Catalogue; "B.N.," the Catalogue of
the Bibliotheque Nationale; "Heinsius," or "Kayser," the annual Ger­
man Bucher-Lexi\ons.

Similarly we do not hope to have done more than approximate a solu­
tion of the problem of arrangement. Classification of titles so greatly

contributes to the usefulness of a bibliography that classification had to
be attempted here. But it was extremely dubious in many cases where
to put an item, and again personal judgment had to take the place of
any definite criterion. By making cross references we have tried to indi-