5-138
Vitamin NameARetinoids and Carotenoids DCalciferol ETocopherol KPhytonadione
Dietary SourcesFortified milk, fortified breakfast cereals. Yellow-orange pigmented fruit such as cantaloupe and papaya; sweet potatoes and carrots. Dark leafy vegetables (spinach, broccoli, etc.). Organ meats such as liver.Fortified milk, fish 0ils, sardines and salmon.
NOTE:
Most people get
vitamin D from exposure to sunlight.Vegetable oils, margarine, green vegetables, nuts, wheat germ and whole grains Liver, green leafy vegetables, GI flora can produce from diet
DeciencyNight blindness, xerophthalmia, poor growth, dry skin Rickets (children)-bowed bones, painful walking, tetany; Osteomalacia (adults)-bowed bones, fractures Hemolysis of red blood cells, nerve destruction Hemorrhage, bruising
TreatmentOleovitamin A, 15-25 thousand units once or twice a day po. If absorption defect is present, give same dosage IM. Be aware that the minimum toxic dose in adults is about 75-100 thousand units daily.Treatment can only protect against further deformities. Diet high in calcium and phosphorus, 25-100 thousand units vitamin D daily. Treat contributing disease if present.RDA is 8-10 mg of tocopherol equivalentsRDA is 60-80 micrograms
Table 5-8 Continued