A-30
Infecting Organism Medication of Choice Alternatives
- Brucella species Doxycycline and rifampin Doxycycline and Gentamicin
- Francisella tularensis Streptomycin or gentamicin Doxycycline
- Yersinia pestis Streptomycin Gentamicin
II. ANAEROBIC BACTERIA
- Clostridium tetani Penicillin and tetanus toxoid Imipenem, Clindamycin, Metronidazole
and tetanus immune globulin - Bacteroides species Metronidazole Imipenem, Clindamycin, Betalactam-
betalactamase inhibitor
III. ACID FAST BACILLI
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isoniazid + Rifampin+
Pyrazinamide + Ethambutol - M. kansasii Isoniazid + Rifampin+
Ethambutol - M. avium intracellulare complex Clarithromycin + Ethambutol Azithromycin + Ethambutol + Rifabutin
- Rifabutin
- M. leprae Rifampin + Dapsone Rifampin + Dapsone + Clofazamine
(paucibacillary disease) (multibacillary disease)
IV. ACTINOMYCETES
- Nocardia species Sulfa-trimethoprim Minocycline + sulfonamide
- Actinomyces species Penicillin Clindamycin
V. MISCELLANEOUS
- Chlamydia species Doxycycline Erythromycin
- Rickettsia species Doxycycline Chloramphenicol
- Treponema pallidum (syphilis) Penicillin Ceftriaxone
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae Azithromycin Doxycycline
- Pneumocystis carinii Sulfa-trimethoprim Pentamidine
VI. FUNGAL
- Aspergillus species Amphotericin Itraconazole
- Blastomyces dermatitidis Amphotericin Itraconazole
- Coccidioides immitis Fluconazole Amphotericin
- Cryptococcus neoformans Amphotericin Fluconazole
- Histoplasma capsulatum Amphotericin Itraconazole
- Candida species Amphotericin Fluconazole
- Sporothrix schenckii Itraconazole Saturated solution of potassium iodide
- Tinea versicolor Topical selenium sulfide Ketoconazole
VII. VIRUSES
- Herpes simplex Acyclovir Valacyclovir, Famciclovir
- Herpes zoster Acyclovir Valacyclovir, Famciclovir
- Influenza Amantadine or rimantadine
or zanamivir or oseltamivir
Abbreviations/Classifications: APP (Anti-pseudomonal penicillin): Piperacillin, Mezlocillin, Ticarcillin
1st Gen Cephalosporin: Cefazolin, Cephalexin
2nd Gen Cephalosporin: Cefoxitin, Cefaclor, Cefuroxime axetil