MODERN COSMOLOGY
The Friedmann models 27 and thet(a)relation is H 0 t(a)= ∫a 0 xdx √ mx+( 1 −m)x^4 . Thex^4 on the bottom looks like trouble, b ...
28 An introduction to the physics of cosmology so that thecomovingvolume element is dV= 4 π[R 0 Sk(r)]^2 R 0 dr. Thepropertransv ...
The Friedmann models 29 Figure 2.3.A plot of dimensionless angular-diameter distance versus redshift for various cosmologies. Fu ...
30 An introduction to the physics of cosmology universe can easily lead to confusion, and this section tries to counter some of ...
The Friedmann models 31 and the mass internal toris just M(〈r|t)= 4 π 3 ρr^3 = 4 π 3 ρ 0 a−^3 r^3 , where we assumea 0 =1 and a ...
32 An introduction to the physics of cosmology model, a particle initially at rest with respect to the origin falls towards the ...
Inflationary cosmology 33 times. To solve the horizon problem and allow causal contact over the whole of the region observed at ...
34 An introduction to the physics of cosmology so exponentially fast as the hyperbolic trigonometric functions tend to the expon ...
Inflationary cosmology 35 If the field is constant both spatially and temporally, the equation of state is then p=−ρ, as require ...
36 An introduction to the physics of cosmology Similar arguments can be made for the spatial parts. However, they are less criti ...
Inflationary cosmology 37 The comoving horizon size at the end of inflation was therefore dH(tGUT)aGUT−^1 [c/HGUT][EP/Eγ]EGUT− ...
38 An introduction to the physics of cosmology It is interesting to review this conclusion for some of the specific inflation mo ...
Inflationary cosmology 39 Figure 2.4.This plot shows how fluctuations in the scalar field transform themselves into density fluc ...
40 An introduction to the physics of cosmology slow-roll condition, since manipulation of these three equations is often require ...
Inflationary cosmology 41 The ratio of the tensor and scalar contributions to the variance of microwave background anisotropies ...
42 An introduction to the physics of cosmology 2.5.5 Evidence for vacuum energy at late times The idea of inflation is audacious ...
Inflationary cosmology 43 Figure 2.5.The Hubble diagram produced by the High-zSupernova search team (Riesset al1998). The lower ...
44 An introduction to the physics of cosmology Figure 2.6.Confidence contours on thev–mplane, according to Riesset al(1998). O ...
Inflationary cosmology 45 towards use of the fanciful term ‘quintessence’. In any case, it is important to appreciate that the i ...
46 An introduction to the physics of cosmology Figure 2.7.This figure, taken from Zlatevet al(1999), shows the evolution of the ...
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