342 Highlights in modern observational cosmology
scales (see the chapter by Arthur Kosowsky in this volume). The power of these
three independent means of measuring (m,) is that they have degeneracies
which lie almost orthogonally to each other. The directions of degeneracy in the
(m,) plane can be written as
SN:^43 m−constant CMB:m+constant
clusters:mconstant.These three measurements of the cosmological parameters are well in
agreement with each other and define a relatively small allowed region, a
circumstance which is sometimes referred to as ‘cosmic concordance’ (Bahcall
et al1999). This explains why by ‘standard cosmology’ these days one adopts
the values(m,)=( 0. 3 , 0. 7 ). Interestingly, the age of the universe for this
model isTU= 0. 965 H 0 −^1.
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