- CASTAWAY Gr. adokimos, (1 Corinthians 9:27), one regarded as
unworthy (R.V., “rejected”); elsewhere rendered “reprobate” (2 Timothy
3:8, etc.); “rejected” (Hebrews 6:8, etc.). - CASTLE a military fortress (1 Chronicles 11:7), also probably a kind of
tower used by the priests for making known anything discovered at a
distance (1 Chronicles 6:54). Castles are also mentioned (Genesis 25:16) as
a kind of watch-tower, from which shepherds kept watch over their flocks
by night. The “castle” into which the chief captain commanded Paul to be
brought was the quarters of the Roman soldiers in the fortress of Antonia
(so called by Herod after his patron Mark Antony), which was close to
the north-west corner of the temple (Acts 21:34), which it commanded. - CASTOR AND POLLUX the “Dioscuri”, two heroes of Greek and
Roman mythology. Their figures were probably painted or sculptured on
the prow of the ship which Luke refers to (Acts 28:11). They were
regarded as the tutelary divinities of sailors. They appeared in the heavens
as the constellation Gemini. - CATERPILLAR the consumer. Used in the Old Testament (1 Kings 8:37;
2 Chronicles 6:28; Psalm 78:46; Isaiah 33:4) as the translation of a word
(hasil) the root of which means “to devour” or “consume,” and which is
used also with reference to the locust in Deuteronomy 28:38. It may have
been a species of locust, or the name of one of the transformations through
which the locust passes, locust-grub. It is also found (Psalm 105:34;
Jeremiah 51:14, 27; R.V., “cankerworm”) as the rendering of a different
Hebrew word, yelek, a word elsewhere rendered “cankerworm” (q.v.), Joel
1:4; 2:25. (See LOCUST.) - CATHOLIC EPISTLES the epistles of James, Peter, John, and Jude; so
called because they are addressed to Christians in general, and not to any
church or person in particular. - CATTLE abounded in the Holy Land. To the rearing and management of
them the inhabitants chiefly devoted themselves (Deuteronomy 8:13;
12:21; 1 Samuel 11:5; 12:3; Psalm 144:14; Jeremiah 3:24). They may be
classified as,
(1.) Neat cattle. Many hundreds of these were yearly consumed in
sacrifices or used for food. The finest herds were found in Bashan, beyond
Jordan (Numbers 32:4). Large herds also pastured on the wide fertile