(4.) The “mitre,” or upper turban, a twisted band of eight yards of fine
linen coiled into a cap, with a gold plate in front, engraved with “Holiness
to the Lord,” fastened to it by a ribbon of blue.
To the high priest alone it was permitted to enter the holy of holies, which
he did only once a year, on the great Day of Atonement, for “the way into
the holiest of all was not yet made manifest” (Hebrews 9; 10). Wearing his
gorgeous priestly vestments, he entered the temple before all the people,
and then, laying them aside and assuming only his linen garments in secret,
he entered the holy of holies alone, and made expiation, sprinkling the
blood of the sin offering on the mercy seat, and offering up incense. Then
resuming his splendid robes, he reappeared before the people (Leviticus
16). Thus the wearing of these robes came to be identified with the Day of
Atonement.
The office, dress, and ministration of the high priest were typical of the
priesthood of our Lord (Hebrews 4:14; 7:25; 9:12, etc.).
It is supposed that there were in all eighty-three high priests, beginning
with Aaron (B.C. 1657) and ending with Phannias (A.D. 70). At its first
institution the office of high priest was held for life (but comp. 1 Kings
2:27), and was hereditary in the family of Aaron (Numbers 3:10). The
office continued in the line of Eleazar, Aaron’s eldest son, for two hundred
and ninety-six years, when it passed to Eli, the first of the line of Ithamar,
who was the fourth son of Aaron. In this line it continued to Abiathar,
whom Solomon deposed, and appointed Zadok, of the family of Eleazar,
in his stead (1 Kings 2:35), in which it remained till the time of the
Captivity. After the Return, Joshua, the son of Josedek, of the family of
Eleazar, was appointed to this office. After him the succession was
changed from time to time under priestly or political influences.
- HIGHWAY a raised road for public use. Such roads were not found in
Palestine; hence the force of the language used to describe the return of the
captives and the advent of the Messiah (Isaiah 11:16; 35:8; 40:3; 62:10)
under the figure of the preparation of a grand thoroughfare for their march.
During their possession of Palestine the Romans constructed several
important highways, as they did in all countries which they ruled.