EAT FOR HEALTH Australian Dietary Guidelines

APPENDICES

125

Evidence statement Grade

Milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or alternatives

Consuming dairy food is not associated with risk of endometrial cancer. C

Consumption of dairy foods is not associated with weight change or risk of obesity. C

Consumption of milk is not associated with BMI or BMI change in childhood. C

Mean consumption of one serve of dairy food per day is not associated with the risk of breast cancer. C

Consumption of less than one serve of milk per day during adult life is not associated with risk of osteoporotic

or hip fracture.

C

Water

Consumption of black tea is not associated with risk of cardiovascular disease. C

Consumption of coffee is not associated with risk of coronary heart disease. C

Consumption of coffee is not associated with risk of breast cancer. C

Consumption of coffee is not associated with risk of colorectal cancer. C

Consumption of coffee is not associated with risk of ovarian cancer. C

Consumption of green or black tea is not associated with risk of ovarian cancer. C

Consumption of green or black tea is not associated with risk of colorectal cancer. C

E2 Grade D evidence statements that did not inform these Guidelines

In the systematic literature review (Evidence Report), a number of food, diet, and health relationships were
examined for which the evidence of an association was Grade D. This was because the evidence was limited,
inconclusive or contradictory. These Grade D relationships were not used to inform the development of the
Australian Dietary Guidelines. Table E2 provides a list of the evidence statements for these relationships.

Grade D evidence can inform health professionals about the strength of evidence from recent research, particularly
in emerging areas, and help identify areas where further research on dietary patterns and health outcomes may
be required. Grade D evidence can also assist health professionals correct diet related misconceptions among the
general population. For example, members of the general population may be inclined to alter their dietary patterns
when the results of a new study are widely publicised in the media.

This evidence, while useful as mentioned above, was not used in the development of Guideline statements.

Table E2: Evidence statements (Grade D) that did not inform the Australian Dietary Guidelines

Evidence statement Grade

Vegetables

The effect of total vegetable consumption on gastric (stomach) cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 2.5). D

The effect of total vegetable consumption on the risk of breast cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 2.6). D

The effect of total vegetable consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report,

Section 2.8). D

The effect of total vegetable consumption on the risk of lung cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 2.7). D