EAT FOR HEALTH Australian Dietary Guidelines

EAT FOR HEALTH – AusTRALiAn diETARy guidELinEs
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Evidence statement Grade

Fruit

The effect of fruit consumption on the risk of oesophageal cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 1.9). D

The effect of fruit consumption on the risk of gastric cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 1.5). D

There is limited evidence that fruit consumption reduces the risk of lung cancer (Evidence Report, Section 1.7). D

The effect of citrus fruit consumption on the risk of pancreatic cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 1.13). D

Grain (cereal) foods

The effect of grain (cereal) consumption on the risk of cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 6.1). D

Lean meats and poultry, fish, eggs, tofu, nuts and seeds and legumes/beans

The consumption of unprocessed red meat is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (Evidence Report,

Section 4.5). D

There is limited evidence showing no association between the consumption of red meat and the risk of breast cancer

(Evidence Report, Section 4.4).

D

The effect of consuming poultry at least once a week on the risk of breast cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report,

Section 10.1). D

The effect of consuming poultry at least once a week on the risk of colorectal cancer is inconclusive (Evidence

Report, Section 10.2). D

The effect of fish consumption on the risk of breast cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 9.6). D

The effect of fish consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 9.7). D

The effect of fish consumption on the risk of prostate cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 9.8). D

The effect of fish consumption on the risk of renal cell cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 9.9). D

The effect of egg consumption on the risk of cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 11.2). D

Consumption of legumes (especially soy foods) is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer (Evidence Report,

S e c t i o n 7.1).

D

There is unlikely to be a significant protective effect against prostate cancer from consuming soy foods (Evidence

Report, Section 7.2). D

Milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or alternatives

The effect of milk consumption on the risk of prostate cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report, Section 5.14). D

Water

The effect of coffee consumption on the risk of increased systolic blood pressure is inconclusive (Evidence Report,

S e c t io n 15 .14). D

The effect of consuming four cups of coffee a day on the risk of gastric cancer is inconclusive (Evidence Report,

Section 15.5).

D

Green and black tea consumption is not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (Evidence Report, Sections

15.16, 15.17 and 15.22). D

Consumption of coffee is associated with increased risk of bladder cancer (Evidence Report, Section 15.10). D

Consumption of coffee is associated with increased risk of lung cancer (Evidence Report, Section 15.12). D