Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology

Mayi] PROCEEDINGS. [1894.

paredwith the expression JJ^£-fcETs* dam irritu Sa Sah'i, show
thatdam( = dab ; whence the Assyrian dabu)and dimwereother
terms for swine (cp. Jensen,za. i, 179. n.2). This damor dim
(thinnedfrom dum?) manifestly agrees with the dumu-damu of
DamQ-zi, Domuz,Tammuz; and no less withthe Chinese fl^_
t'un,deng,doun,suckingpig, which are dialectical variationsof an

olderdom; %k\\\- tsung,chung,chong,toung,a yearling pig;

an old word occurringin the Shi King, of which the same maybe

said,namely, thatit springs from dom or dum ; and, aboveall,

with ^^tj tw'an,pig, another ancientcharacterfrequentin the

YihKing,andusedas a phonetic in several wordsnowpronounced

ch'wen,ch'wan. Eventhe Accadian dabimpliedin the Assyrian

loanword dabu,has its double in the old Honan /^K|?g dap,

tip, now ship,cheh,hog. ^

Probablyno one will think we are spending too much timewith

our pigs. In reality, we are uncovering the roots of the Tammuz

legend,and exposing to the eye the homely materialsout of which

a beautiful Hellenicmythwasat last to spring. NowDamiiziwas

god of vegetation as well as of the realm of the dead. Whatis the

simple basisof this conception? The Chineseagain affords us

welcomelight. Ourfirstcharacter,tii, chu, hog,has also the sense

of digging(Williams,s.v.). In like manner we find J* >3y^ (tw'an),

chwan,chwen,to turn overthe soil in ploughing ; the elements of

the character beingearth+ pig- Correspondingto this in Accadian

we have the ideogram ^y^yyyyDUN,meaningto dig up the soil hirii

sa irfitt) ; which the linear form showsto be closely relatedto the

symbol -J^Jtyyyy shag, shi6, swine, with which it is, in fact,

confusedin the later writing. Thelatterappearsthusin the

A / inscr.of Rim-Agu (IR.3, No. 10, 9): the former is

*¥"£ YV on the monuments of Gudea.

Everyone will recognize the essential agreement

of the latter ideogramwiththe Chinese tw'an,pig.

TheAccadiandun,to dig, is no doubt relatedto

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