interdisciplinary approach to the charac-
terization of Artemia strains (chemical
composition, value as food for aquaculture
species, general biology, and genetics). In
a recent review of the genetics ofArtemia,
Abreu-Grobois (1987) stressed the impor-
tance of protecting natural populations of
Artemia from extinction due to habitat
destruction or by the indiscriminate intro-
ductions ofmore competitive species when
inoculating brine-shrimp-free salterns.Conclusions
Aquaculture production totalled about
15.3 million tonnes in 1990, using more
than 140 species: a wide range, for differ-
ent environmental conditions and mar-
kets. Constant progress is being made in
improving the methodologies for charac-
terization of aquatic genetic resources.
The evidence of damage to natural
populations continues to accumulate. Basic
research provides improved techniques
and methodologies for multidisciplinary
approaches. Analyses of these complex
problems must include environmental and
economic costs and benefits so that par-
ticipants are fully aware of their impor-
tance in development programs and do not
view them as merely of academic interest.
Conservation of aquatic genetic re-
sources concerns the whole world and
requires a global approach and global
awareness. Financial support by donors
is essential to initiate well-coordinated
programs that both support fundamental
research and facilitate stock conservation
in specialized centers and natural waters.References
Abreu-Grobois, F.A. 1987. A review of the genetics
of Artemia, p. 61-100. In P. Sorgcloos, D.A.
Bengtson, W. Decler and E. Jaspers kds.)
A~ternia: research and its application. Univcrsa
Press, Wetteren, Belgium.
Allendolf, F.W. 1983. Isolation, geneflow, and genetic
differentiation among populations, p. 51-65. In
C.M. Schonewald-Cox et al. (eds.) Genetics and
conservation. Benjamin-Cummings, Mcnlo Park,
California.
Allendorf, F.W. and R.F. Leary. 1988. Conservation
and distribution ofgeneticvariationin a polytypic
species, the cutthroattroul. Consew.Biol.2:170-
184.
Avise, J.C., W.S. Nelson, J. Arnold, R.K. Knehn, G.C.
Williams and V. Thorstcinsson. 1990. The evo-
lutionary genetic status of icelandic eels. Evo-
lution 44:1254-1262.
Barns, V. 1989. Tropical tasks of Czechoslovak ge-
netics in fisheries and in fish gene pool conuer-
vation. Prace Vurh Vodnany 18:5-8.
Rermingham, E., S.H. Forbes, K. Fridland and C.Pla.- Discriminations between Atlantic salmon
(Salmo salar) of North American and European
originusingrcstridion analyscs of mitochond~ial
DNA. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48:884-893,
13illinglon, N. and P.D.N. Hcbert, Editors. 1991.
International Symposium on 'The Ecological
and Genetic Implications of Fish Introductions
(FIN)". Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 48 (suppl. I ), 181
P.
Birt, T.P., J.M. Green and W.S. Davidson. 1986.
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA in allopatnc
anadromous and nonanadromous Atlantic
salmon, Salmv salar. Can. J. Zool. 64: 118-120.
Rluhdorn, D.R. and A.H. Arthington. 1990. Somatic
charactelistics of an Australian population of
Oreochromis mossambicus (Pisccs: Cjchlidae).
Environ. Biol. Fish. 29.277-291.
Bookstein, F. 1991. Morphomctric tools for landmark
data. Geometry and biology. Cambridgc Uajver-
sity Press, Cambridge. 435 p.
Cataudclla, S., L. Sola, M. Corti, R. Arcangeli, G. La
Rosa, M. Mattoccia, M. Cobolli-Sbordoni and V.
Sbordoni. 1987. Cytogenetic, genic and
rnorphomctric characterization of groups of
mmmon carp, Cyprinus carpio, p. 113-129. In
K. Tiews(ed.)Selcction,hybridization and genetic
engineering in aquaculturn. Vol. 1. Springor-
Verlag, Berlin.
Chevassus, B. and A.G. Coche, Editors. 1986. Report
on the "Symposium on %le~%ion, Hybridization
and Genetic Engineering in Aquaculture of Fish
and Shellfish for Consumption and Stocking",
27-30May 1986,lkrdeaux, France.EIFAC Tech.
Pap. KO, 52 p.
Corti, M., B.S. Thorpe, L. Sola, S. Cataudella andV.
Sbordoni. 1988. Multivariate morphornetrics in
aquaculture: a case study of six stocks of the
common carp, Cyprinus carpio from Italy. Can.
J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 453 -7.
Crosctti, D., J.C. Avise, F. Placidi, A.R. Rossi and L.
Sola. Geographic variability in the grcy mullet
Mugil cephalus: preliminary results of mtDNA
and chromosomes analyscs. Aquaculture. (In
prcss).