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Blueprint Reading

(Joyce) #1

  • CHAPTER 1: BLUEPRINT STANDARDS INTRODUCTION .xix

  • 1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW.

  • 1.2 PRINT BASICS.

    • Diazo-Print Process.

    • Plain-Paper Copies.

    • Photocopy Process.

    • Photographic Reproduction.

    • Multicolor Offset Prints.

    • Computer-Aided Design and Drafting.



  • 1.3 BASIC DRAFTING STANDARDS AND STANDARDS-SETTING ORGANIZATIONS.

    • ANSI Standards for Blueprint Sheets.

    • ISO Standards.

    • Other Standard-Setting Organizations.



  • CHAPTER 2: BLUEPRINTS AND CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS: A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE

  • 2.1 INTRODUCTION.

  • 2.2 TECHNICAL DRAWING.

    • Manual Drafting.

    • Lettering.



  • 2.3 COMPUTER-AIDED DRAFTING (CAD) AND COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND DRAFTING (CADD).

    • CADD Presentations.

    • Editing Flexibility.

    • Units and Accuracy Levels.

    • Drawings Storage and Access.

    • Project Reporting.



  • 2.4 TYPES OF BLUEPRINTS.

    • Types of Construction Drawings.

      • Preliminary-Design and Concept Drawings.

      • Presentation Drawings.

      • Working Drawings.

      • Shop and Assembly Drawings.

      • Details.

      • Specialized and Miscellaneous Drawing Types.





  • 2.5 TITLE BLOCKS.

    • Revision Block.

      • Scale.

      • Zoning.





  • CHAPTER 3: UNDERSTANDING LINE TYPES x Contents

  • 3.1 INTRODUCTION—THE ALPHABET OF LINES.

  • 3.2 LINE WEIGHTS AND TYPES.

    • Object Lines.

    • Dashed Lines.

    • Section Lines.

    • Center Lines.

    • Extension Lines.

    • Dimension Lines.

    • Phantom Lines.

    • Leader Lines and Arrowheads.

    • Cutting-Plane and Viewing-Plane Lines.

    • Break Lines.

    • Contour Lines.

    • Property Lines.



  • CHAPTER 4: UNDERSTANDING DIMENSIONS

  • 4.1 TYPES OF DIMENSIONS.

    • The Metric System.

    • Dimension Conventions.



  • 4.2 USING SCALES.

    • Architect’s Scale.

    • Civil Engineer’s Scale.

    • Metric Scales.

    • Indication of Scale.



  • 4.3 LINEAR DIMENSIONS.

  • 4.4 ANGULAR DIMENSIONS.

  • 4.5 REFERENCE DIMENSIONS.

  • 4.6 NOMINAL SIZE AND ACTUAL SIZE.

  • 4.7 TOLERANCES.

  • CHAPTER 5: TYPES OF VIEWS

  • 5.1 INTRODUCTION.

  • 5.2 ORTHOGRAPHIC (MULTIVIEW) DRAWINGS AND PROJECTIONS.

    • First-Angle Projection.

    • Third-Angle Projection.

    • Single-View Drawings.

    • Two-View Drawings.

    • Three-View Drawings.

      • The Front View.

      • The Top View.

      • The Side View.

      • Three-Dimensional Graphics.





  • 5.3 PROJECTION SYMBOLS.

  • 5.4 OBLIQUE DRAWINGS.

  • 5.5 AUXILIARY VIEWS.

  • 5.6 AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION.

    • Isometric Drawing and Isometric Projection.

      • Comparison of Isometric and Orthographic Drawings.

      • Purpose of Isometric Drawing.

      • Dimensioning Isometric Drawings.



    • Dimetric Projection.

    • Trimetric Projection.

    • Limitations of Axonometric Projection.



  • 5.7 PICTORIAL DRAWINGS. Contents xi

  • 5.8 PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS.

    • One-Point (Parallel) Perspective.

    • Two-Point Perspective.

    • Three-Point Perspective.



  • CHAPTER 6: LAYOUT OF CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS

  • 6.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW.

    • Preliminary Drawings.

    • Presentation Drawings.

    • Construction or Working Drawings.

    • Shop Drawings.

    • The Construction Drawings Set.

      • Building Permits.

      • Cover Sheet.





  • 6.2 CIVIL DRAWINGS.

    • Site Plan.

    • Plat Map.

    • Demolition Plan.

    • Topography Map.

    • Drainage and Utility Plans.

    • Landscaping and Irrigation Plan.

    • Site Improvement Drawings.



  • 6.3 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS.

    • Plans.

    • Elevations.

    • Sections.



  • 6.4 STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS.

    • Types of Foundations.

    • Foundation Plan.

    • Framing Plan.



  • 6.5 MECHANICAL DRAWINGS.

  • 6.6 PLUMBING DRAWINGS.

  • 6.7 ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS.

    • Power Plan.

    • Reflected Ceiling Plan.



  • 6.8 MISCELLANEOUS DRAWINGS.

    • Millwork.

    • Details.

    • Shop Drawings.



  • CHAPTER 7: UNDERSTANDING INDUSTRIAL BLUEPRINTS

  • 7.1 GENERAL.

    • Tolerance.

    • Fillets and Rounds.

    • Slots and Slides.

    • Keys, Keyseats, and Keyways.

    • Coordinate Measuring Machines.

    • Casting.

    • Forging.

    • Die.

    • Tempering.

    • Drill.

    • Boring.

    • Reaming.

    • Tapping. xii Contents

    • Finish Marks.



  • 7.2 INDUSTRIAL DRAWINGS.

  • 7.3 MACHINIST DRAWINGS.

  • 7.4 SCREW THREADS, GEARS, AND HELICAL SPRINGS .1

    • Threads.

      • Handedness.

      • Helix.

      • External Thread.

      • Internal Thread.

      • Major and Minor Diameters.

      • Cut Thread.

      • Axis.

      • Crest.

      • Root.

      • Depth.

      • Pitch.

      • Lead.



    • Gears.

      • Pitch Diameter.

      • Diametral Pitch.

      • Number of Teeth.

      • Addendum Circle.

      • Outside Diameter.

      • Circular Pitch.

      • Addendum.

      • Dedendum.

      • Chordal Pitch.

      • Root Diameter.

      • Clearance.

      • Whole Depth.

      • Face.

      • Thickness.

      • Pitch Circle.

      • Working Depth.

      • Rack.



    • Helical Springs.



  • 7.5 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE.

  • 7.6 STANDARDS.

  • CHAPTER 8: THE MEANING OF SYMBOLS

  • 8.1 GENERAL INFORMATION.

  • 8.2 ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHIC SYMBOLS.

  • 8.3 MATERIAL SYMBOLS.

  • 8.4 ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS.

  • 8.5 PLUMBING SYMBOLS.

  • 8.6 HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYMBOLS.

  • 8.7 MISCELLANEOUS SYMBOLS.

    • Component Symbols.

    • Specialist Symbols.

    • Indexing Symbols.



  • CHAPTER 9: UNDERSTANDING SCHEDULES

  • 9.1 OVERVIEW.

  • 9.2 DOOR AND WINDOW SCHEDULES.

    • Door Schedules.

    • Window Schedules.



  • 9.3 FINISH SCHEDULE.

  • 9.4 HVAC SCHEDULES.

  • 9.5 GRILLE/DIFFUSER SCHEDULES.

  • 9.6 LIGHTING-FIXTURE AND ELECTRICAL SCHEDULES

  • 9.7 PANEL-BOARD SCHEDULES.

  • 9.8 MISCELLANEOUS SCHEDULES AND NOTES.

  • 9.9 NOTES.

  • CHAPTER 10: INTERPRETING SPECIFICATIONS

  • 10.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW.

  • 10.2 WHY SPECIFICATIONS.

    • Specification Material Sources.



  • 10.3 TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS.

    • Closed Specification.

    • Open Specification.



  • 10.4 ORGANIZING THE PROJECT MANUAL.

    • Writing and Coordination Guidelines.



  • 10.5 SPECIFICATION FORMATION AND ORGANIZATION.

    • Specification Section Format.

      • Part 1: General.

      • Part 2: Products.

      • Part 3: Execution.





  • 10.6 AUTOMATED SPECIFICATION-WRITING SYSTEMS.

  • 10.7 THE PROBLEM OF LIABILITY.

  • CHAPTER 11: BUILDING CODES AND BARRIER-FREE DESIGN

  • 11.1 GENERAL.

  • 11.2 BUILDING CODES TODAY.

  • 11.3 MODEL CODE ORGANIZATIONS.

    • International Code Council.



  • 11.4 STANDARD WRITING ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS.

  • 11.5 BUILDING-CODE ELEMENTS AND APPLICATIONS.

    • Types of Occupancy.

    • Classification by Construction Type.

    • Adjuncts to Building Codes.

    • Test Ratings and Fire-Resistant Materials and Finishes.

    • Means of Egress.

    • Plumbing Systems.

    • Sound Ratings.



  • 11.5 BARRIER-FREE DESIGN AND ADA REQUIREMENTS

  • 11.6 RELEVANT ADA COMPONENTS.

    • Accessibility Guidelines.

      • Accessible Routes.

      • Doors and Doorways.

      • Plumbing Fixtures and Public Lavatories

      • Stairs and Ramps.

      • Floor Surfaces and Tactile Pavings.

      • Public Telephones.

      • Protruding Objects.

      • Signage and Alarms.

      • Elevators and Elevator Cars.





  • CHAPTER 12: CONSTRUCTION BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT xiv Contents

  • 12.1 GENERAL.

  • 12.2 PREPARING A BUSINESS STRATEGY AND PLAN.

    • Executive Summary.

    • Company Description, Vision, and Mission.

    • Management.

    • Market and Services Offered.

    • The Successful Business Plan.

    • Financial Plan.

    • Factors for Success.



  • 12.3 STARTUP COSTS AND CAPITALIZATION.

    • Startup Cost Estimates.

    • Employees and Required Forms.

    • Utilities.

    • Expense Report.

    • Office Equipment and Furniture.

    • Phone and Internet Service.

    • Suppliers.

    • Bookkeeping and Accounting.

    • Miscellaneous Issues to Consider.



  • 12.4 BUSINESS FORMS, TAXES, LICENSES, PERMITS, AND INSURANCE.

    • Name and Legal Structure.

    • Licenses and Permits.

    • Tax Strategies.

    • Insurance.

    • Bank Account.



  • 12.5 CREATING A PROFESSIONAL IMAGE.

    • Develop a Business Identity.

    • Advertising and Promotion.

    • Marketing Yourself.

    • Time Management.



  • 12.6 SELLING YOURSELF.

    • Correspondence.

    • Confidence.

    • Meetings.



  • 12.7 IDENTIFY AND TRACK SOURCES FOR LEADS.

  • 12.8 BIDS, CONTRACTS, AND PAYMENTS.

  • 12.9 THE INTERNET, THE WEBSITE, AND FORMING AN ENTITY .29

    • Email Service.

    • The Website.

      • Plan Your Approach.

      • Setting Up the Website.

      • Website Components and Details.





  • APPENDIX 1: ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS.

  • APPENDIX 2: GLOSSARY.

  • APPENDIX 3: COMMON CONVERSION FACTORS.

  • APPENDIX 4: TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

  • INDEX.

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