1983 Mother Teresa and Calcutta; Friends of Photography;
Carmel, California; and traveling
1987 Mary Ellen Mark: Photographs; Museum of Art, Uni-
versity of Oklahoma; Norman, Oklahoma
1988 America; Pasadena Art Center; Pasadena, California
1991 Indian Circus: Platinum Prints; Castelli Graphics; New
York, New York and traveling
1992 Mary Ellen Mark: 25 Years; International Museum of
Photography and Film, George Eastman House; Roche-
ster, New York; and traveling
1996 The Master’s Series: Mary Ellen Mark; School of
Visual Arts; New York, New York and traveling
2000 Mary Ellen Mark: American Odyssey; Boras Konst-
museum; Boras, Sweden; and traveling
2002 Mary Ellen Mark: Photographs; Leica Gallery, Prague
Castle; Prague, Czech Republic
2003 Twins; Marianne Boesky Gallery/Kennedy Boesky
Photographs; New York, New York
Selected Group Exhibitions
1975 Women of Photography: A Historical Survey; San
Francisco Museum of Modern Art; San Francisco, Cali-
fornia
1979 American Images; International Center of Photogra-
phy; New York, New York
1983 Phototypes: The Development of Photography in New York;
Whitney Museum of American Art; New York, New York
1987 American Dreams; Centro Reina Sofia; Madrid, Spain
1988 Homeless in America; Corcoran Gallery of Art;
Washington, DC
1989 In Our Time: The World As Seen By Magnum Photo-
graphers; International Center of Photography; New
York, New York
1997 India: A Celebration of Independence, 1947–1997;
National Gallery of Modern Art; New Delhi, India and
traveling
1997 Defining Eye: Women Photographers of the 20thCen-
tury; Saint Louis Art Museum; St. Louis, Missouri
2000 Picturing the Modern Amazon; The New Museum of
Contemporary Art; New York, New York
2001 In Response to Place; Corcoran Gallery of Art;
Washington, DC; and traveling
2002 New York: Capital of Photography; Jewish Museum;
New York, New York and traveling
Selected Works
Street Child, Trabzon, Turkey, 1965
Federico Fellini on the Set ofFellini Satyricon,Rome, Italy,
1969
Laurie in the Ward 81 Tub, Oregon State Hospital, Salem,
Oregon, 1976
Mother Teresa at the Home for the Dying, Mother Teresa’s
Missions of Charity, Calcutta, India, 1980
Tiny in Her Halloween Costume, Seattle, Washington, USA,
1983
The Damm Family in Their Car, Los Angeles, California,
USA, 1987
Contortionist with Sweety the Puppy, Raj Kamal Circus,
Upleta, India, 1989
Leprosy Patient with Her Nurse, National Hansen’s Disease
Center, Carville, Louisiana, USA, 1990
Craig Scarmardo and Cheyloh Mather, Boerne Rodeo,
Texas, USA, 1991
Three Acrobats, Vazquez Brothers Circus, Mexico City,
Mexico, 1997Further Reading
Fulton, Marianne.Mary Ellen Mark: 25 Years. Boston, Tor-
onto, and London: Little, Brown, and Company, 1991.
Hagen, Charles.Mary Ellen Mark. London: Phaidon, 2001.
Marcus, Adrianne, ed.The Photojournalist: Mary Ellen
Mark & Annie Leibovitz. New York: Thomas Y. Cro-
well, 1974.
Mark, Mary Ellen.Falkland Road: Prostitutes of Bombay.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981.
Mark, Mary Ellen.Mary Ellen Mark: American Odyssey,
1963 , New York: Aperture, 1999.
Mark, Mary Ellen.Photographs of Mother Teresa’s Mis-
sions of Charity in Calcutta: Untitled 39. Carmel, Cali-
fornia: The Friends of Photography, 1985.
Mark, Mary Ellen, and Nancy Baker, ed.Streetwise. Phila-
delphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1988.
Mark, Mary Ellen.Twins. New York: Aperture, 2003.
Mark, Mary Ellen, text by Karen Folger Jacobs.Ward 81.
New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979.
Sullivan, Constance, and Susan Weiley.The Photo Essay: Photo-
graphs by Mary Ellen Mark. Photographers at Work Series.
Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990.MASKING
Masking in photography is a process by which an
object, or mask, blocks out an unwanted portion of
the image. Masking may take place before, during,
or after the picture is made, in the form of mechan-
ical manipulations that alter the reality captured.
The term masking may also be applied more theo-
retically to describe the visual complexity of the
medium of photography. The three categories of
literal, technical, and metaphorical masking fre-
quently co-exist. For example, a photograph of aMARK, MARY ELLEN