Kodacolor Trade name of Kodak Company films.
KodalithTrade name of Kodak Company’s high-contrast films and papers.
Law of reciprocity SeeReciprocity.
Lens hoodSimple shielding device attached to front of lens to prevent flare.
Light box A device for viewing negatives or transparencies by internal illumination through a translucent
material or a device for the display of photographic transparencies, especially popular in advertising and
late-century fine art photography.
Line art In graphic arts and commercial printing applications, a term for a negative or positive image consisting of
only two tones and featuring no modulation, as in acontinuous toneimage. See alsoLith films and papers.
Lith films and papers High-contrast photographic materials most generally used in photomechanical reproduc-
tion, especially commercial graphic arts applications, prior to onset of digital technologies. See alsoHigh
contrast films and papers.
Loupe Manual instrument used for viewing contact sheets, slides, or magnifying sections of full sized prints.
LumenUnit for the measurement of the radiant energy emitted by a light source.
Lux SeeLumen.
Microfiche A method by which sheet film is exposed by means of microphotography to create miniaturized
images; widely used in the second half of the twentieth century by libraries and other institutions for
records storage; made largely obsolete by the digital revolution.
Moire A pattern created when superimposed line art or dot patterns interact and interfere with one another.
Indication of poor registration in mechanical reproduction processes that layer multiple images; also used
as a special effect by means of screens or filters.
Montage An assemblage of photographic images; generally distinguished fromcollagein both the restriction to
photographic images (as opposed to drawn or three-dimensional elements) as well as the presentation of
the final image as a unified whole, often by rephotographing. See entriesMONTAGE;MANIPULATION.
Munsell system Standard system in the United States for specifying color in pigments and other opaque colorants.
NegativeAny photographic film or print wherein the range of tonalities or color is reversed or the opposite of
that of the subject or view photographed.
Negative print A photograph in which the opposite tones or colors from the subject of exposure is presented as a
final work, usually for artistic effect.
Noble printPrints made with any of the family of bromoil processes, often featuring hand coloring.
Notch codeAn identity method used by film manufacturers by means of v-shaped notches incised into the right-
hand corner side edge of sheet films.
Offset A photomechanical reproduction created when an image is transferred to a plate photographically,
transferred in reverse to a roller, and then printed positively on paper or canvas; most commonly used in
commercial printing applications. Also known as offset lithography.
Offset print Print created using offset process.
Orotone processA decorative process consisting of the photographic image being printed first onto glass plates,
the silver then toned to a rich brown-gold tone. The glass is backed with a dusting of fine gold pigment.
Orthochromatic Designation for photographic emulsion that is sensitive to ultraviolet, blue, green and several
yellow wavelengths but does not record red, allowing the use of a red safelight during the developing
process. Also known simply as ortho.
Ostwald systemMethod of specifying color based on subjective (as opposed to scientific or mathematical)
criteria. Often displayed as a cone or other form in which variations of hue affected by additions of white,
black, and complementary colors are arranged in logical progressions.
Ozalid processA commercial diazo process developed in the early twentieth century to copy plans and drawings;
commonly known as blacklines or brownlines. See alsoDiazo process.
Ozobrome processAn improvement on the Ozotype process using a bromide print instead of the gelatin-
bichromate sheet.
Ozotype process A carbon process developed at the turn of the twentieth century using a gelatin sheet
sensitized with bichromate exposed by contact printing with a negative that is then flattened
against a prepared carbon-pigmented tissue that hardens or tans the exposed emulsion. A variation
on this process using a gum arabic emulsion is known as the Gum ozotype process.
Palladiotype Variation of the platinum print wherein the light-sensitive element of the emulsion is a compound of
palladium, developed in the 1910s due to the prohibitive cost of this process due to the rarity of platinum.
See entryNON-SILVER PROCESSES.
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