1984 Frankfurter Kunstverein, Frankfurt; Kettle’s Yard
Gallery, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Institute of Con-
temporary Arts, London
1987 Sprengel Museum, Hannover, Germany; Galerie Dur-
and-Dessert, Paris
1989 Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago
Galerie Le Re ́verbe`re, Lyon
1993 Muse ́e des Beaux-Arts, La Chaux-de-Fonds, France
1995 Art Affairs, Amsterdam
1997 Kunsthalle Krems, Austria; Kunstverein Hannover,
Hannover, Germany
1998 Arnolfini Gallery, Bristol, United Kingdom
Group Exhibitions
1971 Prospect 71; Kunsthalle, Du ̈sseldorf, Germany
1972 The New Art; Hayward Gallery, London, United Kingdom
1977 Malerei un Photographie im Dialog; Kunsthaus Zu ̈rich,
Zurich, Switzerland
1979 Art As Photography, Photography As Art; Institute of
Contemporary Arts, London, United Kingdom
1982 Aspects of British Art Today; Metropolitan Museum,
Tokyo, Japan
1985 Hand Signals; Ikon Gallery, Birmingham, United Kingdom
1987 Blow-up–Keitgeschichte;Wu ̈rttembergischer Kunstver-
ein, Stuttgart, Germany; Haus am Waldsee Berlin; Kunst-
verein Hamburg; Frankfurter Kunstverein; Kunstverein
Hannover; Kunstmuseum Luzern, Lausanne, Switzerland
1988 John Hilliard, Barbara Kruger, Ken Lum, Richard
Prince, Jeff Wall; Galleri Contur, Stockholm
1989 Through the Looking Glass; Barbican Art Gallery,
London, United Kingdom
1993 Moving into View; South Bank Centre, London, Uni-
ted Kingdom
1995 Contemporary British Art in Print; Scottish National
Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh; Yale Center for
British Art, New Haven, Connecticut
1996 Victor Burgin, Dan Graham, Rodney Graham, John
Hilliard; Lisson Gallery, London, United Kingdom
1998 P.S.1 Institute of Contemporary Art, New York
Selected Works
60 Seconds of Light, 1970
Camera Recording Its Own Condition, 1971
Causes of Death, 1974
East/West, 1986
Miss, Tracy, 1994
Debate (18% Reflectance), 1996
Nocturne, 1996
Offence, 1997
Confusion, 1997Further Reading
Analytische Photographie. John Hilliard. Karlsruhe, Ger-
many: Badischer Kunstverein, 1977.
Archer, Michael. ‘‘Interview with John Hilliard.’’Audio
Arts(Amsterdam), 7 no. 3 (1985).
Brooks, Rosetta. ‘‘Through the looking glass, darkly:
photographs by Yves Lomax, Susan Trangmar and
John.’’Aperture, no. 113 (Winter 1988).
Durden, Mark. ‘‘The Beyond and the Ridiculous.’’Art
Monthly, no. 207 (June 1997).
Elemental Conditioning. Oxford: Museum of Modern Art, 1974.
From the Northern Counties. London: Lisson Gallery, 1978.
Green, David. ‘‘Monochrome Art: full of things which
absorb light: photography and monochrome painting.’’
Creative Camera, no. 358 (June/July 1999).
Hatton, Brian. ‘‘Victor Burgin, Dan Graham, Rodney Graham,
John Hilliard.’’Art Monthly, no. 199 (September 1996).
Hilliard, John.John Hilliard. Salamanca, Spain:Ediciones
Universidad de Salamanca, 1999.
Hoffman, Justin. ‘‘Fotographie Digital.’’Kunstforum Inter-
national, no. 109 (1987).
John Hilliard. Cologne: Ko ̈lnischer Kunstverein, 1983.
John Hilliard. New Works 1981–1983. Cambridge: Kettle’s
Yard Gallery, University of Cambridge: 1984.
John Hilliard. London: Institute of Contemporary Arts, 1984.
John Hilliard. Chicago: Renaissance Society, University of
Chicago, 1989.
Roberts, John, ed.The Impossible Document: Photography
and Conceptual Art in Britain, 1966-76. London: Cam-
erawork, 1997.
Reardon, Valerie. ‘‘John Hilliard: Arnolfini, exhibition.’’
Art Monthly, no. 222 (December 1998/January 1999).
Through The Looking Glass. Photographic Art in Britain
1945–1989. London: Barbican Art Gallery: 1989.
Wallace, Marina. ‘‘John Hilliard.’’Art Monthly, no. 204
(March 1997).LEWIS HINE
American
One of the towering figures in twentieth century
photography, Lewis Wickes Hine’s photographs of
immigrants, child labor, and industrial workers
are, along with Euge`ne Atget’s photographs of
Paris and August Sander’s study of his fellow Ger-
mans, one of the major achievements of photogra-
phy in the first third of the last century. Hine died
impoverished and in relative obscurity, however,HINE, LEWIS