Statistical Methods for Psychology

Index 759

chi-square test, 141
choice of coefficients, 373
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistic, 157
coded variables, 581
coefficient of variation, 44–45
Cohen’s d, 200
cohort studies, 160
collinearity, 527
column totals, 146
combinations, 122–123
combinatorics, 121
computer programs, 517
computer use, 9–10
conditional array, 264
conditional distributions, 260, 265
conditional equiprobability model, 633–635
conditional means, 562
conditional odds, 642
conditional probability, 101, 117
conditional test, 148
confidence interval, 192, 385
confidence intervals and effect sizes for
contrasts, 384–387
confidence interval, 385
effect size, 386
confidence limits, 192
confidence limits on Y, 266–268, 276–277
confidence limits versus tests of significance, 277
contingency table, 145
contingency table analysis, 145–148
continuous measure, 565
continuous variables, 4, 118
contrasts, 369
Cook’s D, 541
correcting for continuity, 147
correlation (r), 246, 248
correlation and beta, 257
correlation and regression, 245–285
the accuracy of prediction, 258–264
assumptions underlying regression and
correlation, 264–266
confidence limits on Y, 266–268
the covariance, 250–252
factors that affect the correlation, 281–283
hypothesis testing, 271–278
other ways of fitting a line to data, 257–258
The Pearson product-moment correlation
coefficient (r), 252–253
power calculation for Pearson’s r, 283–284
the regression line, 253–257
the relationship between stress and health, 248–250
the role of assumptions in correlation and
regression, 280–281
scatterplot, 247–249

correlation coefficient in the population r(rho), 252

correlation coefficients for ranked data, 303–306

calculating rs, 304

calculating t, 305–306

Kendall’s tau coefficient (t), 304

ranking data, 304

significance of rs, 304

significance of t, 306

Spearman’s correlation coefficient for ranked

data (rs), 304

correlation ratio, 344

correlational approach, 307–308

correlational measures, 294

counter variables, 581

covariance, 250–252

covariate, 599

analysis of variance on, 607

described, 601

expected value of, 611

Cramér’s V, 165

criterion, 248

critical value, 96

crossed experimental design, 432

crossed experimental design with a random variable, 432

crossed experimental design with fixed variables, 432

crossed variables, 431

cross-validation, 549–550

curvilinear regression, 344

curvilinear relationships, 280

deciles, 52

decision making, 96

decision tree, 10

defining set, 645

degrees of freedom (df), 47–48, 143, 147, 198, 207, 327

degrees of freedom (df) error, 327

degrees of freedom (df) total, 327

delta (d), 230

DeMoivre, Abraham, 69

density, 119

dependent or repeated measurements, 153–155

dependent variables, 4

deriving models, 648–652

describing distributions, 27–30

descriptive statistics, 5

design matrix, 581

deviation scores, 54, 72

d-family, 159, 160

d-family measures, 440

d-family measures of effect size, 347–348

diagnostic plots, 543–544

dichotomous predictor, 570

dichotomy, 295

differences, 246